... The hotter the gas, the faster they move, and the more energy each of them holds. The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much , much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ...

... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

... Using the uvby -photometry and proper motion data for about 5500 F stars within 80 pc from the Sun, we have studied velocity ellipsoid parameters and obtained the following results. 1) The sizw of all wllipsoid semiaxes increase systematically for groups of stars with the decrease of both temperature (at constant metallicity) and metallicity (at constant temperature). ... As a result, each of the three parameters - temperature, metallicity and velocity dispersion - is an age indicator. ...

Dwarf novae are a subclass of cataclysmic variable stars in which a late-type secondary fills its Roche lobe and transfers mass to a white dwarf primary via an accretion disc. ... Those spiral structures are very similar to the spiral shocks discovered by Sawada, Matsuda & Hachisu (1986) in 2D finite difference numerical simulations in accretion discs. In this poster, we want to compare 2D numerical simulations of accretion disc with the observations of SH2 . ...

The above process keeps the # of protons and the # of neutrons in the early Universe constant. This is extremely important and will result in a testable prediction later. Remember, a free neutron (one that is not bound in an atomic nucleus) will decay into a proton + electron (+ anti-neutrino) in about 900 seconds. ... During this epoch, the proton-to-neutron ratio is 1.0 . ... The Universe consists of protons, neutrons and electrons plus a photon background and a neutrino background. ...

... The first task assumes the searching for chemical composition and sizes of particles which give the wavelength dependence of the extinction efficiencies close to the observed dependence of . Figure 7: Wavelength dependence of the extinction efficiency factors for homogeneous spherical particles of different sizes consisting of astronomical silicate and amorphous carbon. The dashed segment shows the approximate wavelength dependence of the mean galactic extinction curve at optical wavelengths. ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . Forums: . ... As I Understand Virtual Paticles . ... Posted by Duane Eddy on October 19, 2004 03:40:44 UTC . ... Firtual particles are not only particle pairs - yanniru - October 19, 2004 - 12:03 UTC . Faster then light travel? - duordi - October 19, 2004 - 20:53 UTC . ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... The theory of thermodynamics aims at understanding how two types of energy mechanical and thermal can be converted into each other. ... The kinetic theory of gases has turned into what we know as statistical mechanics through the work of the American mathematical physicist J. Willard Gibbs, in the early XXth century. ... understanding the natural probability measures that characterize such systems, namely the microcanonical ensemble and the Gibbs measures; . ...

... A Particle Beam Jet forms HH 24 . ... Credit Copyright: Hubble Legacy Archive , NASA , ESA - Processing: Judy Schmidt Explanation: If you visit HH 24, don't go near the particle beam jet. ... The above image was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in infrared light in order to better understand turbulent star forming regions known as Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). Frequently when a star forms, a disk of dust and gas circles the YSO causing a powerful central jets to appear. ...

scripts · Made a comparison with SCISIM ray trace that replicates each observation Main Analysis Steps · Select regions for each camera and run esas · Extract spectra and background · Made an . arf that is a guess for typical off axis angle ( fn(E) knowing only a single reflection occurs ) · Assume source spectrum of a LMXRB e.g. const*phabs*(diskbb+comptt) probably the detailed spectrum doesn't matter to 1st order · Also require an ...

How the rings were formed. ... Because of the velocity of mutual collisions increases at the approaching to the planet, there is a region near an every planet where the particles reaching the definite sizes begin to pull due to the mutual collisions. ... Any big particle passes the whole cycle from the destruction to the restoration. ... Why the rings are so flat? ... The gravitation compresses the system from all sides and the rotation axis, but it cannot prevent compression along the axis. ...

... For SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) analysis, a solid surface is bombarded by primary ions of some keV energy. ... The subsequent mass analysis of the emitted ions provides detailed information on the elemental and molecular composition of the surface. ... Extremely short ion pulses with a duration below . ... By rastering a fine-focussed ion beam over the surface, like an electron beam in an electron microprobe, mass resolved secondary ion images (chemical maps) can be obtained...

... ROTATION CURVE: When studying spiral galaxies it is invariably found that the stellar rotational velocity in the disk remains constant, or "flat", with increasing distance away from the galactic center. ... The rotation speed of the stars in galaxies is found NOT to decrease with increasing distance from the galactic center (see emission lines in the spectrum), implying that the overall mass distribution of the galaxy is different from the light distribution. ...

Gerry Doyle's homepage . Watch this space!

... 12) Das, S., Becker, P. A. Le, T. " Dynamical Structure of Viscous Accretion Disks with Shocks ," 2009, Vol 702, page 649. ... 921, Page 462. ... 6) Le, T. , Becker, P. A., " Particle Acceleration in Advection-Dominated Accretion Disks with Shocks: Green's Function Energy Distribution ," 2007, ApJ, Vol. 661, page 416. ... 4) Le, T. , Becker, P. A., " Particle Acceleration and the Production of Relativistic Outflows in Advection-Dominated Accretion Disks with Shocks ," 2005, ApJ, Vol. 632, page 476. ...

... Post-irradiation measurements, performed at room temperature, included dark current, flat field illumination, read noise, conversion gain, fixed pattern noise and dynamic range. ... C. Dark Current . ... Figure 4: The dark current at 25 C as a function of dose. ... In the course of measuring the noise levels, we observed that the noise level for the dark current, using the pooled variance described above, increased rapidly with integration time, far in excess of the shot noise. ... E. Alpha Spectra ...

are denoted by the following symbols and may be taken to have the values below Elementary charge Speed of light in vacuum Planck constant Permeability of vacuum Permittivity of vacuum Unified atomic mass constant Rest mass of proton Rest mass of electron Boltzmann constant Avogadro constant Gravitational ... Write down the expression for the gravitational field, g, at distance r from a point mass of mass m, carefully defining all the terms in your expression. ...

... In a solar prominence, charged particles stream up from the Sun, spiraling around magnetic field structures poking out of the solar surface, and ultimately fall back along those structures into the Sun. ... As evolution would predict, animals' eyes sense the colors of light emitted most strongly by the Sun. ... The tiny Moon can completely cover the disk of the Sun, blocking most of the emitted visible light, and reveal the Sun's faint outer atmosphere called the corona...a mass of incandescent gas ...

... Mission discovers particle accelerator in heart of Van Allen radiation belts . ... Using data from a NASA satellite, scientists have discovered a massive particle accelerator in the heart of one of the harshest regions of near-Earth space, a region of super-energetic charged particles surrounding the globe and known as the Van Allen radiation belts. New results from NASA s Van Allen probes show the acceleration energy is in the belts themselves. ... Discover | ...

... The Effect of Ice Particles on the Mesospheric Potassium Layer at High Latitudes . ... Various observational efforts have shown that ice particles manifest in the form of Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE) and Noctilucent Clouds (NLCs). ... The loss rate of K atoms during the summer season (June and July) due to uptake on ice is determined by using the early May K density as the background profile in the absence of ice particles. ...