... Several composite flatfields (superflats) have been generated from all Eng. 4 flatfield observations. After removing the LED pattern, these superflats where used to identify OM bad pixels. These badpixels are real physical pixels, thus include 8x8 subpixels. ... Significant deviations from the median or average values were spotted and flagged as bad pixels. ... 8x8 subpixel negative deviation in slew flatfield . ... bad CCD pixel . any 8x8 subpixel deviation in slew flatfield . ...

. To remove duplicate lines from a file use the command: uniq in_file out_file . uniq searches the in_file for consecutive duplicate lines - a line that is immediately followed by one or more lines that are identical to it - and removes them. The result is an out_file that contains no duplicate lines. Use the sort command if you want to remove duplicate lines that occur in different parts of a file. Examples .

... The input string may contain: 1) functions ; syntax ff(..); where ff is one of the following available functions : abs(x) absolute value of x sqrt(x) square root of x sin(x) sine of x asin(x) inverse sine of x cos(x) cosine of x acos(x) inverse cosine of x tan(x) tangent of x sec(x) secans of x csc(x) cosecans of x cot(x) cotangent of x atan(x) inverse tan of x atan2(x,y) ... Any operation on a BLANK causes the result to be set to BLANK (except the function IFBLANK). ...

A problem, that can arise when moving from Fortran 77 to Fortran 90, is dependent on a usual deviation from the standard, and has to do especially with user programs. ... With many Fortran 77 implementations we wrote PROGRAM TEST REAL X WRITE(*,10) 10 FORMAT('Give X = ',$) READ(*,*) X WRITE(*,*) X END In Fortran 90 we use "non-advancing I/O" instead. ... In some old Fortran dialects the statement TYPE was used to write on a typewriter terminal and PRINT was used to write on the line printer. ...

... If two or more spectra have been taken under the same conditions, a very efficient way of removing particle hits from the raw data is to replace pixel values with large deviations from other observations with a local estimator, as done in the command COMBINE/LONG . If multiple images are not available, cosmic ray hits have to be filtered out by a different method. ... where subframe defines the region to filter. ... This step is done twice to remove the hits on the sky on each side of the object. ...

Next: Error Determination Up: *qpspec* - Extraction of Previous: Spectral Extraction of Extended . Charged particles can be removed from the source and background spectra using the master veto (MV) rate. ... For example, if MV rate = 100, the following command will remove the charged particles in the background and source spectra before determining the net spectrum. xs > qpspec vign_corr=yes avg_mvr=100 . ...

... the dark tail just above the actual trap, which can be treated with wfixup or fixpix , . cases where real objects cross the bad column, such as the object just above 2-637 in Figure 5 , . ... The standard technique for removing the effects of traps (i.e., "bad columns") is to use the . ... c1h images. ... Note that trap 2-637 from Figure 1 and Figure 5 appears to be the only trap which leaks a small amount of charge in an "upstream" direction, thus we chose a more typical trap for this example.) ...

... The J, H and K bands are characterized by a bright background, such a background is mainly due to the emission of atmospheric lines and of thermal radiation. ... If the source cover a large fraction of the slit, spectra off-source must be observed to adequately sample the sky background. ... The on chip integration time (time spent in each position of the slit) must not exceed 40 seconds in J and H bands and 60 seconds in K band. ... We suggest a sequence of 10 for each elementary integration time. ...