... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

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... Meta Index / Home Page / Background image The alogorithm works as follows. Compute the mean value of the whole image, using a clipping algorithm. Divided the image into boxes of size 100 by 100 pixels. For each box . Obtain a list of pixels with a value less than maxheight . loop through all the pixels in the box and obtain a list of the ``usable'' background pixels within a box of size 100 . ... Find the median of the list of pixels and set the background pixel to this value . ...

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• Algorithm
• Background image

... GPI Data Pipeline 1.0 documentation . ... Thermal/Sky Backgrounds . ... Using Thermal/Sky Backgrounds in GPI Data Reduction: . Creating Calibrations: . ... Thermal emission (from sky or telescope) becomes an important background source for wavelengths longer than 2 microns. ... The pipeline treats thermal/sky backgrounds similar to dark frames and is designed to subtract a thermal/sky background, scaled to the integration time of the science image, from K-band observations. ...

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• FAQ on FOC Geometric Correction and FOC Background
• The Hubble Deep Field -- Schedule 11/10/95
• NICMOS Background

... Two background corrections can be performed with the package: . Interorder background: The scattered light in the interorder region is measured at a certain number of positions and the background map is provided by polynomial or spline interpolation. ... Sky background: Sky windows are defined on both side of the orders with the comamnd DEFINE/SKY and sky background is extracted using EXTRACT/SKY . ... SKY object 2 CURSOR . EXTRACT/SKY object sky FILTER . ... EXTRACT/ECH object ext . ...

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• Background estimate by filtering
• Estimating the Sky Background
• Combining Methods

Next: *imcalc* - Obtain a Up: Calibration Previous: Exposure Map . Background maps are provided by the standard processing for all ROSAT and Einstein instruments. For the PSPC and IPC these are in three standard bands: soft, hard, and broad (Table 6.2). ... N.B.: ROSAT PSPC background maps in SASS 5-6 or higher are generated by smoothing a source-subtracted, exposure corrected image (see the ROSAT Data Products Guide). ... imcalc* - Obtain a background subtracted image for ROSAT PSPC Data . ...

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• The AstroStat Slog background
• The AstroStat Slog background subtraction
• The AstroStat Slog background marginalization

This diagram shows the six superimposed "layers" of the CSS table model. This diagram illustrates the algorithm for calculating a cell's final background. ... The diagram shows how, looking down on the six rectangles, one may compute the background color of each cell. ... A cell without a background color in the top layer is depicted as a "window" onto the lower layers, which give its final background color. ...

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• Long description for background pattern
• Long description of example illustrating background calculation
• Colors and backgrounds

... ATNF Home . ... About ATNF overview . ... Australia Telescope Steering Committee . ... Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory . ... Parkes radio telescope . ... Parkes | ... Parkes projects/positions database . ... R.J. Sault, G.J. Carrad, P.J. Hall, J. Crofts, 2000, ``Radio path length correction using water vapourradiometry'' submitted to Proceedings of WARS 2000 . Bob Sault, Peter Hall, Graeme Carrad, 1999 "Atmospheric phase correction for the ATCA" , presented at URSI 1999 (Toronto, Canada). ...

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• PPTA Wiki | Main / Highlights
• Recording Systems History and Background
• The UKST H Survey - Scientific Background

... Science Activities > PhD Thesis Topics offered by ESO Faculty Members > Thesis Topic: Foreground emission and Cosmic Microwave background intrinsic anisotropies . ... Since its discovery the Cosmic Microwave Radiation (CMB) has been one of the pillars of modern Cosmology. ... Further development of this work is the application of already tested algorithms to disentangle the foreground emission from the CMB maps and the determination of the CMB intrinsic emission. ... Return to list of thesis topics ...

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• Reduce the background data
• Reduce visibility data
• Very Large Telescope mirror cell and Auxiliary Telescope in the background

SiD Tracking using VXD Nick Sinev, University of Oregon Plan Motivation Track reconstruction algorithm Performance for single tracks Does it have any limits ? With backgrounds To do Motivation Tracking in SiD is a challenge, especially pattern recognition. ... Limitations caused by reconstruction speed consideration In the presence of high number of background hits, number of 3-point combinations used as track seed became enormous if we consider all combinations. ...

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• The Creation of Helium
• Foundations of the Big Bang

T he Siding Spring Survey (SSS) is a Near-Earth Object search program that utilises the 0.5-m Uppsala Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, N.S.W., Australia. ... The mission of the Siding Spring Survey is to contribute to the inventory of near-earth objects (NEOs), or more specifically, the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and comets (PHOs) that may pose a threat of impact and thus harm to civilization. ... Based on the CSS Mission page . ... Siding Spring Survey Main Page . ...

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• The repainted Farnham dome with the AITC in the background
• View of The Oddie and SLR facility on Stromlo with Lake Burley Griffin and
• Gemini Near-Infrared Integral-Field Spectrograph (NIFS) Sensitivity.

Next: Gravitational Wave Background from Previous: Galactic Gravitational Wave Background . ... It is intuitively clear that at frequencies above the critical ones for our Galaxy, one will detect rare bright jerks produced by coalescing white dwarfs   (at a rate of 1 per 100 year) and NS (at a rate of 1 per - year) in our Galaxy, against a background of the extragalactic stochastic GW. ... Firstly we consider GWB from close individual galaxies, and then will discuss overall extragalactic GWB. ...

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• Transparency of the Stochastic Background
• Galactic Gravitational Wave Background
• Gravitational wave background from nearby galaxies

To run a process in the background as a job and carry on working add an (ampersand) at the end of the command line. ... The shell forks a child process to run the command and displays the job number ( [ n ] ) and the PID (Process IDentifier) number. ... If the command is likely to produce error messages you will need to redirect standard error. ... Do not run an interactive command that requires you to type something at the terminal as a background job. ... You will then have to kill its process . ...

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• Placing a foreground process in the background
• Managing background jobs

... A Year of Resolving Backgrounds . ... In X-ray light the recently launched spacecraft Chandra and XMM resolved much of the seemingly uniform X-ray background into many discrete sources, many of which appear to be black holes at the centers of galaxies accreting matter. In microwave light , the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1 missions resolved with new clarity the seemingly uniform microwave background . ... Publications with keywords: cosmic microwave background radiation . ... Our Dusty Universe . ...

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• The Cosmic X-Ray Background
• Астронет > The Cosmic X-Ray Background
• Chandra Resolves the Hard X Ray Background

Family ASTRO Event Leaders can follow the links below to find a number of resources and more background reading to help them with their Astronomy Events and expand their knowledge on the topics covered in our series of Leader Kits for educators. ... Print and Web Resources on the Night Sky . ... If you have questions about Family ASTRO, see our Frequently Asked Questions for Educators and Astronomers page , or our Frequently Asked Questions for Families and Friends page. ...

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• ASP: Sharing the Universe
• ASP: The Universe At Your Fingertips TOC
• ASP: Project ASTRO Astronomer Application

Next: The STScI NICMOS Calibration Up: No Title Previous: CONICA: The high resolution . The STScI NICMOS Calibration Pipeline . Introduction . ... Dark Current Subtraction . ... Input Data . ... Scalar Background Subtraction . 2-D Background Subtraction . ... Status and Goals of the NICMOS Calibration Plan . ... Photometry . ... Photometric Performance of NICMOS . ... NICMOS Photometry. ... ST-ECF Grism Spectrum Software for NICMOS Grism Data . ... Analysis . ... STScI NICMOS Software . ...

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• ST-ECF Grism Spectrum Software for NICMOS Grism Data
• ASNCOMBINE (Nov98) --- nictools --- ASNCOMBINE (Nov98)

... Astrophysics Group . Research . Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) . ... A significant fraction of the Astrophysics Group is involved in work on the Cosmic Microwave Background, both experimental and theoretical. We are currently operating the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager , an arcminute-scale survey telescope, and developing analysis techniques for the Planck satellite. ... 2013, Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE . ...

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• PPEUC Programme - Cosmic Microwave Background Workshop
• OptInt PmWiki : PmWiki / Wiki Style Examples
• Research David Buscher

... 2000 December 30 . A Year of Resolving Backgrounds . ... Explanation: No matter which direction you look, no matter what type of light you see, the sky glows - but why? ... In microwave light , the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1 missions resolved with new clarity the seemingly uniform microwave background . ... Pictured above , a map spanning ten degrees of the microwave sky resolves the microwave background into hot and cold spots, as indicated in micro kelvins . ... About APOD | ...

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• APOD: 2000 November 9 - The Cosmic X-Ray Background
• APOD: 2000 January 14 - Chandra Resolves the Hard X Ray Background
• APOD: 2013 March 25 - Planck Maps the Microwave Background

Next: BASIC PROPERTIES Up: R CORONAE BOREALIS STARS Previous: INTRODUCTION . RCB stars are named after a star just visible to the naked eye in the constellation of Corona Borealis. RCrB was discovered by Edward Pigott (1797), an English amateur astronomer, who had been observing a star in the `Northern Crown' for over a decade. ... Since 1795, other RCB stars have been discovered and their properties have been carefully observed. ...

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• Historical Background
• Background
• Mutual Events of the Uranian Satellites

Astronomy Discussion Forums . Forums: . ... Discussion Forums . ... Just A Little Background On Dick . Forum List | ... Post Message | ... Posted by Harvey on November 25, 2002 21:07:26 UTC . ... He knows a lot of math, probably more than anyone on this forum. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

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... The Time shift for April, 17-18 20 April 1999 . ... The INTMINS April 1999 operations schedule was done on the base of the MIR ground track long-term prediction using the MIR's orbital elements status on 29/03/99 . ... The investigation of the time shift behaviour was began before 29/03/99 on the base of the different orbital elements determined (by KIAM RAN) 22/03/99, 25/03/99 and continued on the base of the orbital elements determined at 31/03/99, 5/04/99. ... Modified 20 April 1999  ...

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• IKI SSC INTMINS
• Wide-angle telescopes for photometry and polarimetry in optical and infrared