... region (region-6.2.2) [xmmsas_20030110_1802-5.4.1] . ... The region task will automatically determine the optimal source and background extraction regions for a detected source in an XMM observation. ... The regions are defined in sky coordinates. region will attempt to maximise the area of the extraction region for each source, whilst ensuring that the extraction regions of neighbouring sources do not overlap, and that the background extraction region for a given source excludes neighbouring...

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• Background estimation

... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

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• The AXAF Ground Aspect Determination System Pipeline
• QPSIM: An IRAF/PROS Tool for Source Simulation
• ADASS 2002 Conference Proceedings

SiD Tracking using VXD Nick Sinev, University of Oregon Plan Motivation Track reconstruction algorithm Performance for single tracks Does it have any limits ? With backgrounds To do Motivation Tracking in SiD is a challenge, especially pattern recognition. ... Limitations caused by reconstruction speed consideration In the presence of high number of background hits, number of 3-point combinations used as track seed became enormous if we consider all combinations. ...

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• http://zebu.uoregon.edu/2003/hum399/lec05.html

... The file names' construction . The flight (m) stage's file set . ... the orbital data used for the flight operation monthly (m) long-term planning, . ... The orbital calculations are based on the initial orbital data determined by KIAM RAN using the orbital radio measurements treatment.The determined initial orbital data are presented as a state vector (satellite position and velocity) in the J2000 reference. ... Accept the file with extension '.bgr', where the Moscow time (MT=UT+3h) is used. ...

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• ASCII files description
• The magnetic conjugations between INTERBALL Tail Probe Magion 5
• The INTERBALL Auroral PROBE orbital elements

... My source shows only 5 counts in a short 5 ksec Chandra exposure. ... We calculated the significance of observing 5 counts given the expected background counts of 0.1 using spfunc.gammp(5,0.1) =8e-8. ... I believe more fine tuning in computing this p-value is necessary but I wish to address that computing the p-value assuming Ho: background counts=0.1 vs. ... For a given rescaled background (b/50), the p-value is the probability that the counts in the source region can exceed the observed counts. ...

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• The AstroStat Slog coloured background
• *imcnts* - Use of the Sky Coordinate System
• Dewobble Procedure: treating each obi separately

. This diagram shows a small table with three transparent cells and illustrates how their final background is determined. The table consists of two rows. Four (labeled) cells lie in the first row, but the second cell spans the first and second row. The first, third, and fourth cells of the second row are "empty". Each non-empty cell has a red background and a double black border. Each empty cell has the table's background color (specified as #ff0) as its own. Return to image.

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• Long description of example of cell background calculation
• Long description of example illustrating the separated borders model
• Background color examples

Next: Star Formation Rate and Up: No Title Previous: Calculation of Evolutionary Tracks . To start calculations, we choose the distributions of the initial binary parameters: the mass of the primary ZAMS component, , binary mass ratio, , orbital separation a . ... whereas the mass ratio distribution is not. ... The zero assumption often made is that the mass ratio distribution has a flat shape, that is binaries with a high mass ratio occur as frequently as those with equal masses. ...

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• Calculation of Evolutionary Tracks
• Seminars
• Mixing types of E-P-A binary systems with non-zero orbital eccentricity

FGS Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 . ... Fine Guidance Sensor Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 > Appendix B: FGS1r PerformanceSummary > B.2 Angular Resolution Test . ... At the time of the test, the predicted angular separation of the components was 0.085" (Franz and Wasserman, private communication). ... By rolling the HST in 6 increments, the projected separation along the X axis varied from the predicted angular resolution limit of FGS1r (~6 mas) to the resolution limit of FGS3 (~20 mas). ...

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• Sky Background
• Update to the COS FUV Dark Rates and Impact on ETC Calculations for Background
• Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Instrument Handbook

... Tools . ... begin{equation*} \frac{\vartheta}{\mathrm{rad}} = 2 \pi r = 2 \pi \end{equation*} . ... begin{equation} \frac{\Omega}{\mathrm{sr}} = 4 \pi r^{2} = 4 \pi \label{eqn_solidangle} \end{equation} . ... begin{equation*} \frac{\Omega}{\mathrm{sr}} = 2 \pi \, [1 - \cos(\vartheta)] \end{equation*} . ... end{equation*} . ... begin{equation*} \cos(\alpha) = \sin(\vartheta_{1}) \sin(\vartheta_{2}) + \cos(\vartheta_{1}) \cos(\vartheta_{2}) \cos(\varphi_{1} - \varphi_{2}) , \end{equation*} . ...

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• Angular separation of two sources
• World Coordinate Systems (WCS) in FITS
• Flagging a Sector of Data - UVSECTOR

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 An approximate projection of confidence ellipsoids of space objects positions onto the celestial sphere A. P. Baturin Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk, Russia The approximate method of calculation of a visible border of probable motion regions (PMR) for space objects (SO) has been considered. ... As a result, the simple analytical expressions for border points of PMR projection onto the celestial sphere have been obtained. ...

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• (Untitled)
• Values of asteroid masses
• ENGAMPLE

In the scalar Helmholtz equation the variables are separated in 11 physically interesting coordinate systems [ 55 ], however for the vector field containing 3 scalar functions, the complete separation of variables is possible only in 6 systems: Cartesian, 3 cylindrical, conical and spherical ones ([ 55 ], Ch.13). Therefore, the formal solution suggested in 1927 by F. Moeglich [ 368 ] for the spheroidal coordinates was practically usefulness until the work of Sh. ...

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• Database of Optical Constants -- Level: welcome
• Database of Optical Constants -- Misc: SVM code(s)
• Polarization properties (transmitted radiation)

Databases (NSDC) of the Natural Planetary Satellites. ... NSDC: Database of astrometric observations of Natural Planetary Satellites . ... They are thoroughly looking for observations in different sources, creating their owndatabases which are then mostly inaccessible to other researchers. ... In the file "content" with explications, the reference is given to the data source as well as the bibliographic reference. ... Data sources. ... Why a specific bibliographic database for Natural satellites? ...

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T he Siding Spring Survey (SSS) is a Near-Earth Object search program that utilises the 0.5-m Uppsala Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, N.S.W., Australia. ... The mission of the Siding Spring Survey is to contribute to the inventory of near-earth objects (NEOs), or more specifically, the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and comets (PHOs) that may pose a threat of impact and thus harm to civilization. ... Based on the CSS Mission page . ... Siding Spring Survey Main Page . ...

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• Free-Free Gaunt Factors

... country name . ... Query " Moscow's celebrations hotel Moscow, Russia" would failed if search attributes separately, but could be succeeded if search their concatenation. ... hotel". ... Simple search for "Moscow": # select name, country, place, rank( idx, ftsquery ) as r from hotels, to_tsquery('Moscow') as ftsquery where idx @@ ftsquery order by r desc; name | ... Query "Moscow hotel" (rewritten by hand): # select name, country, place, rank( idx, ftsquery ) as r from hotels, to_tsquery('Moscow | ...

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• GIMP animations: merge-anim example 5
• APOD: 2002 February 6 - The Cosmic Infrared Background
• Adding new plug-ins to The Gimp

... After all we cannot send a probe to the star Altair to confirm that it is 17 light years away. ... The "Bessel determined that the star 61 Cygni was about ten light years away" Earth goes around the Sun in one year, so in six month it is in the opposite position in its orbit. ... In 1838 Bessel determined that the star 61 Cygni had a parallax of 0.314 arcseconds and therefore the star was about ten light years away (today the distance is more precisely measured to be 11.4 light years). ...

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Next: Background Definition Up: Echelle Spectra Previous: Order Definition . ... Their removal is a rather delicate step, because in high-contrast images (such as well-exposed echelle spectra) there is always a danger of damaging the scientific contents of the frame. Particle hits can be removed from scientific exposures by splitting the exposure and comparing spectra of the same target obtained under the same instrumental configuration. ... Note that the background has been subtracted already. ...

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• Flux Calibration and Extinction Correction
• Order Definition
• Introduction

... Shortly after its discovery it was determined to be in a highly elliptical path near Jupiter and on a collision course. ... T he size and mass of the original body and the individual fragments is as of this writing still highly uncertain. ... B etween 16 July 1994 and 22 July 1994 the fragments impacted the upper atmosphere of Jupiter. ... T he pictures were posted to the Net within hours of the impacts and caused severe overloading on some ftp and WWW sites. ... JPL's SL9 page . ... Small Bodies .....

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• Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates
• Coordinate systems [Oulu]
• TCV [Oulu]

... The described algorithm is suitable for measurements of complex images of stars. ... a) the zero-based number of stars in the complex (multicentric) image, . b) set of preliminary coordinates - x i , y i , for all stars, index i is number of a star, . ... i - index of a star in the complex image; . ... These parameters are calculated by a nonlinear method of a least squares.The main output parameters of this algorithm are x i , y i ; where the index i is number of a star in the multicentric image. ...

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Next: Imaging Polarimetry with NICMOS Up: NICMOS Data Calibration and Previous: The Photometric Performance of . ... NICMOSlook and Calnic C . ... Extracting spectra from a large number of NICMOS grism images requires a convenient interactive tool which allows a user to manipulate direct/grism image pairs. ... NICMOSlook and Calnic-C are two programs that were designed to take advantage of the fact that the NICMOS grism mode typically consists of taking both a direct and a grism image. ...

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• Space Telescope-European Coordinating Facility
• ST-ECF IRAF package
• SLITLESS (Oct97) --- ST_ECF --- SLITLESS (Oct97)

Institute of Applied Astronomy Russian Academy of Sciences Method of Determining the Orbits of the Small Bodies in the Solar System Based on an Exhaustive Search of Orbital Planes Dmitrii Vavilov, Yurii Medvedev Introduction to the problem: Let we have n 3 positional observations of a body: points in time ( = 1, ) , right ascensions , and declinations . ... Determination of the orbit using the Gauss method of determining orbital elements based on two heliocentric positions and points in time. ...

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• http://www.gao.spb.ru/english/publ-s/viii-rfs/p099.pdf
• http://www.gao.spb.ru/english/as/j2014/presentations/huang.pdf
• Pulkovo NEO Page: Ephemeris Support