The overall efficiency (including atmospheric transmission, reflectivity of the telescope mirrors and overall efficiency of the optics and of the detector) for broad-band imaging should be about 25% in H and K, and about 15% in J. The main noise source for both broad- and narrow-band imaging should be the photon noise associated to the background+source flux. ... Flat fielding (and possibly background subtraction) might increase the noise by a factor 2 ? ...

... Default . ... The descriptions below focus on the meaning of each filename parameter, leaving the exact details of the inferred default value to be explained in the algorithm section. evlist . ... file . The response matrix file (OGIP-compliant format). ... If a spectrum file is not provided ( withspectrum =no) this parameter specifies the INDEX number of a source in the source description list (parameter srclist ), and thereby the incidence angle and selection regions for the response matrix. ...

Instrument Science Report NICMOS 2003-004 Measuring the Cold Mask Offset E. Roye, J. Krist, A.B. Schultz, T. Wiklind April 23, 2003 ABSTRACT An unexpected increase in measured thermal background during the Cycle 11 early calibration program caused speculation that the cold mask position could have shifted since Cycle 7. ... It was concluded that the cold mask position was not the cause of increased thermal background observed during the Cycle 11 early calibration program. ...

... Science . ... Science Users Information > Data Handling and Products > Data Reduction FAQ > I see unexpected boxy emission-like features in my REDL spectra - where do they come from? ... Observing with ESO Telescopes . ... ESO-MIDAS . ... ESO Data . ... The pipeline by default interpolates across the bad columns in the REDL CCD when it creates the master bias, but does not so when it processes the science data. This inconsistency can create boxy emission-like features as seen in the figure below. ...

... 314 Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XIII, eds. F. Ochsenbein, M. Allen, & D. Egret (San Francisco: ASP), 812 . ... Abstract: The calculation of flux upper limits in the source-free ("background") regions of photon-limited images is complicated by instrumental and statistical modeling and requires non-trivial computational effort. ... The principal component in this is the time taken to pre-process and handle the 30 GB of RASS data rather than the calculation of each upper limit. ...

stable spacetime manifold Expected to propagate at speed of light Expected to have 2 independent polarizations Sources ­ ­ ­ ­ http ://www.johnstonsarchive.net/relativity/pictures.html Unmodeled bursts Binary Coalescence Periodic Sources Stochastic Background http ://mucholderthen.tumblr.com/post/55970198303/gravitational-waves-patterns-in-space-time-a 3 LIGO-VIRGO Interferometer Gaussian Noise: Coherent Signal vs. ...

... These are ``quirks'' rather than ``bugs''. Below is a list of quirks. When loading a file and ``Reset Intensity Upon File Load'' is disabled, the intensity range of the previous image will be used. ... When moving between two images (such as when blinking, or when loading a new image), the display system attempts to retain the old image parameters (i.e. zoom box). What is retained are the corners of the zoom box measured in image pixel co-ordinates, not world co-ordinates. ...

... Planets . ... Earth Satellites . ... The newly discovered ?mega-Earth? ... Its sibling, the lava world Kepler-10b, is in the background (the two planets? proximity is grossly exaggerated) .€а Kepler-10c has a diameter of about 29 000 km, 2.3 times as large as Earth, and weighs 17 times as much. ... The first mega-earth to be discovered is Kepler-10c which orbits a star lying about 560 light years from the Sun in the constellation Draco. ... Astronomers Find a New Type of Planet: The ?Mega-Earth? ...

Astronomy Picture of the Day . Unexpected Impact on Jupiter . ... 8.09.2009 . ... First discovered by an amateur astronomer Anthony Wesley on 2009 July 19, the impact was quickly confirmed and even imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope the very next day. ... It is now thought that a small comet -- perhaps less than one kilometer across -- impacted Jupiter on or before 2009 July 19. ... July . ... Publications with keywords: Jupiter - impact . Publications with words: Jupiter - impact . ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2009 September 8 . Unexpected Impact on Jupiter . ... Explanation: Two months ago, something unexpected hit Jupiter. First discovered by an amateur astronomer Anthony Wesley on 2009 July 19, the impact was quickly confirmed and even imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope during the next week. ... About APOD | ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . ... Post . ... Shifts Are As Would Be Expected. ... Post Message | ... Red and blue shifts can be caused by velocities also. ... The expectd result would be a red or blue shift proportional to the aparent distance an object is from the observer. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... As noted above, periodic signals are best analysed in the frequency domain while stochastic signals are usually more profitably analysed in the time domain. The analysis in the time domain often involves the comparison of two different signals while in the frequency domain analyses usually concern only one signal. The expectation value of the covariance function of uncorrelated signals is zero. ... In particular the ACF of a function with period P has the same value, P . ...

... I.A.Dynnikov, Three-page approach to knot theory. ... Universal semigroup, Funktsional'nyi Analiz I Prilozhenija, 34 (2000), no.1, 29-40 (Russian); English translation in Functional Analysis and Its Appl. 34 (2000), no.1, 24-32. I.A.Dynnikov, Finitely presented groups and semigroups in knot theory. ... Math. 2000, no. ... English translation: Russian Math. ... A.Vershik, Numerical invariants of exponential groups, and a locally free approximation of braid groups (in Russian), Zapiski Nauchn. ...

Trail encounter . ... Expected meteor rates . ... The Leonids are the debris of Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. ... The Earth's passage right through the centre of trails is associated with the most spectacular meteor displays (studies show that, as well as how close to the centre of the trail you are, the strength of the display also depends on how far along a trail's length you are). ... The encounter with the 1932 trail will lead to enhanced meteor activity: a nice outburst, but below storm level. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... History . Brief History of Rocket and Space Technology . ... Flights Chronology . ... Project History . ISS Russian Segment . Steps of ISS Assembly . Spaceflights Chronology . ... ISS 45/46 . ... Delivery of PPI-SM science hardware as an assembly and equipment (devices and cables) for space experiment (SE) on the ISS RS. ... HISTORY . ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

Full Stokes 327-MHz Continuum Observations of the GALFACTS Pilot Region Wasim Ra ja, Avinash Deshpande, Tapasi Ghosh, Chris Salter & Andrew R. Taylor Background and Scientific Justification Several existing surveys have mapped the polarized intensity of the extended Galactic emission at various frequencies using single dish as well as synthesis imaging. ... The underlying distribution of the polarized emission and the magneto-ionic medium would be apparent in the images resolved across Faraday depth. ...

A knowledge of mathematical methods is important for an increasing number of university and college courses, particularly in physics, engineering and chemistry, but also in more general science. ... We have therefore decided to write a textbook that assumes knowledge only of material that can be expected to be familiar to all the current generation of students starting physical science courses at university. ... The general aim of the book is to present a topic in three stages. ...

In calculating the NIFS sensitivity, we adopt a read noise of 5 e - , a dark current of 0.01 e - s -1 pix -1 , and a maximum exposure time of 3600 s. Grating . ... e/pix) . ... OH Cont. (e/pix) . ... NIFS should achieve signal-to-noise ratios of ~ 10 per spectral pixel in a 0.1" 0.1" aperture for single 1800 s exposures on uniform, extended, continuum sources with surface brightnesses of J = 15.4, J = 15.0, H = 14.8, and K = 13.5 mag arcsec -2 using the Z , J , H , and K gratings, respectively. ...

Introduction to Hardware Signal Injections Peter Shawhan, Isabel Leonor, Szabi MАrka (LIGO/Caltech, U. of Oregon, LIGO/Caltech) LSC Meeting March 19, 2003 LSC Meeting, 19 March 2003 Shawhan, Leonor, Marka LIGO-G030112-00-D Uses of Hardware Signal Injections Complete end-to-end test of detector and analysis Verify that detector does not distort si gnal in unexpected ways Verify that search algorithm can detect signals ! ...

Next Previous Contents . This means that an interrupt happened that no driver expected. ... In many cases you can safely ignore this error message, especially if it only happens once or twice at boot-time. For boot-time messages, look at the messages which are nearby for a clue as to what is going on. For example, if probing is going on, perhaps a probe for a physical device caused that device to issue an interrupt that the driver didn't expect. ...