STIS Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 . ... Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 > Chapter 6: Exposure Time Calculations > 6.4 Computing Exposure Times . ... Computing Exposure Times . 6.4.1 Calculating Exposure Times for a Given Signal-to-Noise . ... Expected count rate from your source over some area ( C ); . ... In the optical, each photon generates a single electron (i.e., counts в the gain correspond to the total number of electrons). ...

XMM ­Newton CCF Release Note XMM ­ CCF ­REL­84 EPIC Spectral Response Distribution D Lumb August 6, 2001 1 CCF components Name of CCF VALDATE List of Blocks changed CAL VERSION XSCS flag EMOS1 REDIST 0011. CCF 2000 ­01­01 EBINS NO EMOS2 REDIST 0011. CCF 2000 ­01­01 EBINS NO XRT1 XAREAEF 0008. CCF 2000 ­01­01 ONAXISAREAEF, NO VIGNETTING NO XRT2 XAREAEF 0009. CCF ... The relationship to off­axis angle of the MOS­2 and PN encircled energy functions (EEF) has still to be calculated. ...

... PROBLEMS: "Unknown" (i.e. no physics model) components; What's a "Good-Enough-Fit" (e.g. Poisson)? ... ASIDE: MULTI-SCALE FOR POISSON - called Multiplicative Multiscale Innovation Models MMI Slides courtesy of R.Willett, SAMSI 2006 Timmermann Nowak, 1999 Kolaczyk, 1999 ASIDE: MULTI-SCALE FOR POISSON - called Multiplicative Multiscale Innovation Models MMI Slides courtesy of R.Willett, SAMSI 2006 Timmermann Nowak, 1999 Kolaczyk, 1999 ASIDE: MULTI-SCALE FOR ...

... An Unexpected Flare from the Crab Nebula . ... Credit Copyright: NASA , DOE , Fermi LAT , R. Buehler ( SLAC , KIPAC ) Explanation: Why does the Crab Nebula flare? ... As recently as one month ago, gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula by the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope showed an unexpected increase in gamma-ray brightness, becoming about five times the nebula's usual gamma-ray brightness, and fading again in only a few days. ... Publications with keywords: Crab Nebula - gamma ray . ...

IBIS Data Analysis . ... IBIS . ... Flat Fielding - Introduction . The images obtained by IBIS will have intensity variations across the field of view that are not due to the solar image, but rather caused by instrumental effects that alter the observed intensity in each point of the field of view. ... IBIS Flat Fielding Techniques . ... Therefore, it is desirable to obtain the flat field measurements center on a point along the equator near the heliographic center of the solar disk. ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . ... Post . ... Shifts Are As Would Be Expected. ... Post Message | ... Red and blue shifts can be caused by velocities also. ... The expectd result would be a red or blue shift proportional to the aparent distance an object is from the observer. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... 2011 May 23 . An Unexpected Flare from the Crab Nebula . ... As recently as one month ago, gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula by the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope showed an unexpected increase in gamma-ray brightness, becoming about five times the nebula's usual gamma-ray brightness, and fading again in only a few days. ... The above image shows how the Crab Nebula normally appears in gamma rays, as compared to the Geminga pulsar, and how it then appeared during the recent brightening. ...

... 314 Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XIII, eds. F. Ochsenbein, M. Allen, & D. Egret (San Francisco: ASP), 812 . ... Abstract: The calculation of flux upper limits in the source-free ("background") regions of photon-limited images is complicated by instrumental and statistical modeling and requires non-trivial computational effort. ... The principal component in this is the time taken to pre-process and handle the 30 GB of RASS data rather than the calculation of each upper limit. ...

... The hotter the gas, the faster they move, and the more energy each of them holds. The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much , much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ...

Proposal Identification No.: ... For these observations night-time is not needed. Begin ­ End Interval ­ Interval 1700 ­ 2200 ­ ­ ­ Days Needed at This Interval 14 Time Constraints (Must Be Justified in the Prop osal Text) In order of scheduling: 2 gridding sessions : 3.5h and 2.5h (ALFA) Starting at least a week later (L-wide or 327MHz, TBD by the gridding sessions ): 3 sessions of 3h each on successive days 1 session of 3h a week later 1 session of 3h two weeks later 11 monthly ...

... Science . ... Science Users Information > Data Handling and Products > Data Reduction FAQ > I see unexpected boxy emission-like features in my REDL spectra - where do they come from? ... Observing with ESO Telescopes . ... ESO-MIDAS . ... ESO Data . ... The pipeline by default interpolates across the bad columns in the REDL CCD when it creates the master bias, but does not so when it processes the science data. This inconsistency can create boxy emission-like features as seen in the figure below. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Development of Organizational Structure . Company's History . ... History . Brief History of Rocket and Space Technology . ... Project History . ISS Russian Segment . Steps of ISS Assembly . ... ISS 45/46 . ... Rocket Space Complexes . ... The experiment further develops a sequence of visual observations of the Earth surface started earlier at the Mir station. ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

... You are here: start €Ё lbaops €Ё mark5evlbi . ... VLBI Schedule . ... Observer's Wiki . ... lbaops:mark5evlbi . Mark5B disk data format . ... Mark5 control commands . ... Used to set the output data rate of the Mark5 at the station. Expected response: . ... Used to make the Mark5 stop playing if it was playing back data from disk. ... Used to make the Mark5 at the station start sending data. ... Used to make the Mark5 at the station stop sending data and terminate the connection. ...

... Anticipated Radiation Effects . ... Various radiation effects can be anticipated, based on similarities to other CMOS devices. ... Total dose radiation effects in CMOS devices can be divided into two broad classes: charge trapping and interface state generation. ... When interface states are located in a depletion region, they act as sources of dark current. Increased dark current is expected to be the dominant radiation effect in active pixel sensors, leading to increased shot noise. ...

... The collecting area is increased by nesting concentric mirror pairs, all having the same focal length. ... Figure shows the largest optical element being ground at HDOS. ... X-ray testing demonstrated that the CXO mirrors are indeed the largest high-resolution X-ray optics ever made; the nominal effective area (based on the ground calibrations) is shown as a function of energy in the left panel of Figure , along with those of their Einstein and ROSAT predecessors. ...

... I.A.Dynnikov, Three-page approach to knot theory. ... Universal semigroup, Funktsional'nyi Analiz I Prilozhenija, 34 (2000), no.1, 29-40 (Russian); English translation in Functional Analysis and Its Appl. 34 (2000), no.1, 24-32. I.A.Dynnikov, Finitely presented groups and semigroups in knot theory. ... Math. 2000, no. ... English translation: Russian Math. ... A.Vershik, Numerical invariants of exponential groups, and a locally free approximation of braid groups (in Russian), Zapiski Nauchn. ...

velocity measured in meters per second . ... High speed propeller (vertical) = 42% Clearly, wind power is a highly variable source and hence energy storage is crucial. ... Electricity generated is then .25 KWH per sq. meter . If wind blows 24 hours per day then annual electricity generated would be about 2200 KWH per sq. meter . ... To Generate 10,000 KWH annual then from a 20 mph wind that blows 10% of the time . windmill area = 10,000 KWH/220 KHW per sq. meter = 45 sq meters . ...

The RHEA spectrograph is an instrument currently under development at Macquarie University in Sydney and is expected to relocate to MSO later this year. ... The new feed is intended to substantially improve the throughput of the telescope-spectrograph system through the use of Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA), a beam shaping technique, and a multi-fibre Integral Field Unit (IFU) using a microlens array and single mode fibres (SMF). ...

... Over the first 4 years, its X-ray telescopes eROSITA and ART-XC will survey the whole sky with a record sensitivity in the 0.5-10 keV energy band. ... The goal of the second international Spectrum-RG conference is to discuss the different scientific topics addressed by the mission, synergies with surveys at other wavelengths, and requirements to follow-up observations.Contributed talks and poster presentations are invited on the topics related to the SRG science goals. ... Active galactic nuclei . ...

Mid-Infrared All Sky Cloud Camera . ... These documents are provided to give users the information needed regarding instrument design, performance and operation to plan and carry out observations. While every effort is made to keep information on this site current, instrument performance does vary continuously with time and environmental conditions. ... Comments and suggestions are always welcome! Return to the APO Home Page . April 3, 2000 - Jon Brinkmann (brinkmann/nmsu.edu) ...