Next: Ground calibration Up: RGS_EFFAREACORR Previous: Purpose Contents . Effective-area correction factors and rectification factors are tabulated against energy in the EFFAREACORR and RECTIFICATION extensions, repsectively. The relatively small number of elements in the tabulation compared with the number of RGS spectra elements has been determined by the smoothness of the functions concerned. ... Michael Smith 2011-09-20 ...

... The properties of the dust grains (e.g., temperature and mass) can be derived from fitting far-IR SEDs (т??100 ЮМm). Only with SPIRE on Herschel has it been possible to get high spatial resolution at 200 to 500 ЮМm that is beyond the peak (~160 ЮМm) of dust emission in most galaxies. Aims: We investigate the differences in the fitted dust temperatures and masses determined using only 200 ЮМm data is for deriving these dust properties. ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

One of the most innovative x-ray detector designs of the past decade is the microcalorimeter. ... In principle, energy resolutions as good as ~1 eV (FWHM) should be possible. ... In its most basic form a microcalorimeter consists of three parts: a thermal mass that absorbs the x-ray and converts the energy to heat, a thermometer to measure the temperature rise of the thermal mass, and a thermal link to a heat sink to allow the absorbed energy to escape from the thermal mass. ...

The CHIANTI database consists of 4 primary ASCII files for each ion in the database. contains the energy levels in cm^(-1) It includes both experimental data and theoretical values of the levels energies. References: %observed energy levels (n=2): Fuhr, J.R., et al., NIST Atomic Spectra Database" ver. ... NIST Physical Reference Data %observed energy levels (12,19,23-26,65-67,69,70,72-74,78-82,84,85): Fuhr, J.R., et al., ...

Next: Antenna gain considerations and Up: Some theory Previous: Some theory . To provide correct flux density units for the visibilities, , from an interferometer, the measured correlation coefficient at the correlator ( ) needs to be scaled by a system temperature and a telescope sensitivity factor ( ). ... For a zenith opacity , observing at an elevation of , and if the atmosphere is approximated as having a uniform temperature , then the atmospheric contribution to system temperature is . ...

... A. M. Neminsky, P. N. Nikolaev, and D. V. Shovkun . ... The temperature dependence of the magnetic field penetration depth lambda ( T ) is determined down to 0.2 T c by the ac-susceptibility measurements on the Rb 3 C 60 fine powder with small, about 1 K, variation in the grains' superconducting transition temperatures. The lambda ( T ) temperature dependence is exponential at low temperatures, which allows us to determine the energy gap Delta 0 =1.7 k B T c . ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . ... Holostars: Black Holes Without Event Horizons . ... Its name derives from the fact tht information is preserved in such a black hole, and must be a contraction of hologram and star. ... The exterior metrics and fields of the charged holostar are equal to the Reissner-Nordstroem black hole solution. ... www.astronomy.net . ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... Luminosity (L) · · · · A source's luminosity is the power that it emits in radiation. ... NB Astronomers often say `flux' when they mean `flux density' · SI units are Wm-2Hz -1 -26 filter · Also used are Jy 10 Wm-2Hz -1 E= РРРF d dA dt Specific Intensity, Surface Brightness (I) · Specific intensity (or surface brightness) is the power received (or emitted) per unit area per unit frequency per unit solid angle. ч F at surface of a spherical source = I · · Specific intensity is independent of distance...

... Fall 2005 . Winter 2006 . Spring 2006 . Fall 2004 . Winter 2005 . Spring 2005 . Summer 2005 . Fall 2003 . Winter 2004 . Spring 2004 . Summer 2004 . Fall 2002 . Winter 2003 . Spring 2003 . Summer 2003 . Fall 2001 . Winter 2002 . Spring 2002 . Summer 2002 . Fall 2000 . Winter 2001 . Spring 2001 . Summer 2001 . Fall 1999 . Winter 2000 . Spring 2000 . Summer 2000 . ...

... The Time shift for April, 17-18 20 April 1999 . ... The INTMINS April 1999 operations schedule was done on the base of the MIR ground track long-term prediction using the MIR's orbital elements status on 29/03/99 . ... The investigation of the time shift behaviour was began before 29/03/99 on the base of the different orbital elements determined (by KIAM RAN) 22/03/99, 25/03/99 and continued on the base of the orbital elements determined at 31/03/99, 5/04/99. ... Modified 20 April 1999  ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Parameterization of the Solar Radiation Pressure model for GPS satellites I. S. Gayazov Institute of Applied Astronomy, St. Petersburg, Russia The treatment of solar radiation pressure (SRP) effect until now is the main problem in precise modeling of GPS satellite orbits. ... In practice, however, all seven parameters of the empirical model cannot be confidently determined from phase observations. ... Bar­Sever Y. E. A new model for GPS yaw attitude. ...

PAGE 4 Climate Change - A Personal View By Dr John Butler, Armagh Observatory Photograph taken by Karl Jordan Photograph taken by Ciara Stephens Few people in the western world, or indeed further afield, can now be unaware of the concern expressed in the media about the possible effects of climate change and, in particular, of global warming. ... So where are we now after a decade when there was so much discussion, hype and media attention given to global warming and its cause? ...

Physica C 1 PHYSICA C C ELSEVIER CONDUCTIVITY and Antiferromagnetism of CaCuO2 Thin Films Doped by Sr Gennady A. Ovsyannikova,b*, Viktor V. Demidovb, Yuli V. Kislinskib, Philippe V. Komissinskia,b, Dag Winklera a Chalmers ... revised date here; accepted date here Abstract The results of electrical and magnetic investigations of epitaxial CaxSr1-xCuO2 ( CSCO ) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition are presented ... Temperature dependence EPR amplitude for two CSCO films with =0.15 ...

... They are concerned with Attitude Control System of the spacecraft, satellite visibility from tracking stations, limits on the satellite autonomous operations during the orbit, and needs for auxiliary operations with the spacecraft. ... Among the operational constraints the most important one is the number of programmed slews per orbit, which determines the maximum number of radio sources to be observed during one orbit. ... System temperature (K) . ... Progress of the RadioAstron Project in Pictures...

... Red stars are cool, with temperatures of around 3,000 degrees Kelvin (K), while blue stars are hotter and can have temperatures over 30,000 degrees K. Our own lovely yellow Sun's temperature is a comforting 6,000 degrees K. Star Trails in Northern Skies . ... Aurora Astern . ... Well, probably not ... but it is the most active volcanic moon. Active volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io were a surprise discovery of the Voyager missions of the late 1970s. Comet-like Clouds in the Cartwheel Galaxy . ...

spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 11 May 1998, 0900 UT . Matter in the known universe can be classified in terms of four states: solid, liquid, gaseous, and plasma . The basic distinction between solids, liquids and gases lies in the difference between the strength of the bonds that hold their constituent particles together. ... On the other hand, the transition from a gas to an ionized gas, i.e., plasma , is not a phase transition, since it occurs gradually with increasing temperature. ...

Cosmic ray intensities (left) compared with predictions (right) from IBEX. The similarity between these observations and predictions as evidenced by the similar color regions supports the local galactic magnetic field direction determined from IBEX observations made from particles at vastly lower energies than the cosmic ray observations shown here. The blue area represents regions of lower fluxes of cosmic rays. ...