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The idea that the inner radiation belt came from neutrons splashed out of the atmosphere was independently proposed at the end of 1958, the year in which the belt was discovered, by three investigators--S. Fred Singer (U. of Maryland), Paul Kellogg (U. of Minnesota) and S.N. Vernov (USSR). ... Like surfers riding a wave, trapped electrons and ions rode this shock and within a minute or so created a new radiation belt just outside the inner belt (picture below). ...

... Files in red?history) . ... Belts . ... 12a. Inner Belt . ... The artificial radiation belts from the Argus experiment were located in the "slot" between the two belts and their lifetimes of a few weeks underscored the temporary nature of trapping there (especially for electrons produced just above the atmosphere). ... Like surfers riding a wave, trapped electrons and ions rode this shock and within a minute or so created a new radiation belt just outside the inner belt (picture below). ...

. Next: Coherence in the radio Up: Radiation processes and geometry Previous: Synchrotron radiation . љ . Accelerated charged particles radiate . Particles constrained to move along field . Curved field lines result in radiation . Precisely which of the above mechanisms really contributes is as yet unclear! . Jon Bell . Thu Dec 19 15:15:11 GMT 1996

We present the DIRTY (DustI Radiative Transfer, Yeah!) radiative transfer model in this paper and a companion paper. This model computes the polarized radiative transfer of photons from arbitrary distributions of stars through arbitrary distributions of dust using Monte Carlo techniques. ... We present a simple method for computing an upper limit on the output quantity uncertainties for Monte Carlo radiative transfer models that use the weighted photon approach. ... ADS Citation Query . ...

... Radiation mechanisms of astrophysical objects: classics today . ... Studies of radiation mechanisms and processes of spectra formation in astrophysical objects are among the fundamental tasks of modern astrophysics. ... On this occasion the Saint-Petersburg State University organizes an international conference Radiation mechanisms of astrophysical objects: classics today , which will be held in St. Petersburg from September, 21 to September, 25, 2015. ... Scientific rationale . ... Conference venue...

... Bojan Nikolic web pages (r. 329) . Understanding Infrared emission from galaxies . This page contains a description and links for download of software that may be used for modelling various aspect of absorption and emission of radiation by interstellar dust. ... Also, some basic modelling of radiation fields and similar supporting code . ... dust-1.0.1 . ... Modelling absorption and emission of radiation by interstellar dust . ... Copyright 2005 -- 2016, Bojan Nikolic feedback welcome ...

... Archives . ... Like spherical cows , true blackbodies do not exist. ... black here simply refers to the property of the object where no wavelength is preferentially absorbed or emitted, and all the energy input to it is converted into radiation. ... The blackbody spectrum is . B_{\nu}(T) = \frac{2 h \nu^3}{c^2} \frac{1}{e^{h \nu / k_B T} ? ... The general shape of a blackbody spectrum is like a rising parabola at low ? ... Comment ( RSS ) | ... Chandra Blog . ... Entries (RSS) and Comments (RSS) . ...

... Solar flare activity is produced by the processes of accumulation and release of energy in an active region. ... In the framework of study of solar active regions, producing powerful flares the researchers from the RATAN-600 radio telescope have detected sources with features in the form of a sharp drop in the intensity of polarized radiation in various parts of the recorded frequency range (2-16GHz), sometimes changing the sign of polarization. ...

The Cosmic InfraRed Background (CIRB) is the radiation from stars in many faint galaxies. ... The near-infrared (wavelengths near 2-3 microns) and optical (wavelengths near 500 nm) part of this extragalactic background light is just starlight redshifted into the infrared. But some starlight is absorbed by dust and re-emitted in the far-infrared (wavelengths near 100 microns). ... The CMB is by far the largest of these radiation fields, with a total intensity of 996 nW/m 2 /sr. ... Part 2 | ...