. home - главная - автор - help english - russian . The 7K-L1 spacecraft was a modified Soyuz without orbital module. It was launched with 4-stage Proton + Block-D rocket. L-1 (Zond) . Proton with L-1 . L-1 with Block D . There were several successful flights of unmanned 7K-L1 called Zond, but a manned flight was canceled. I suppose this to be L1 trainer. If I'm wrong, please mail me.

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... History . ... ISS Russian Segment . ... Soyuz TMA . ... The Soyuz TMA manned transport spacecraft is a modification of Soyuz TM spacecraft distinguished for a high reliability and safety of flight for the crew which is proven by all the launches of the spacecraft implemented in the period of years 1986 -2002 for the purposes of servicing orbital stations. ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" ....

... The accuracy of calculation of both INTERBALL spacecraft (SC) motion has been estimated at the IKI. ... The 30 days measuring intervals were used during the Tail probe (TP) orbital data treatment, and 15 days intervals - during the Auroral probe (AP) orbit determination. ... http://www.iki.rssi.ru/vprokhor/indap.htm for the Auroral probe; . http://www.iki.rssi.ru/vprokhor/indtp.htm for the Tail probe . ... http://www.iki.rssi.ru/vprokhor/ssc.htm , or http://www.iki.rssi.ru/vprokhor/amisan.htm . ...

The dust properties in the Large and Small Magellanic clouds (LMC/SMC) are studied using the HERITAGE Herschel Key Project photometric data in five bands from 100 to 500 ЮМm. ... Using these models, we investigate the origin of the submillimeter excess, defined as the submillimeter emission above that expected from SMBB models fit to observations . ...