The Steady State model of the Universe was proposed in 1948 by Bondi and Gold and by Hoyle. ... At the time the Steady State model was proposed, the Big Bang model was in trouble because the value of the Hubble constant was clearly bigger than the inverse of the age of the Universe. ... Thus the Steady State model has flat spatial sections like the critical density Big Bang model. ... The Steady State model has no adjustable parameters to correct for this error, but the Big Bang does. ...

... Stellar Evolution is driven entirely by the never ending battle between Pressure and Gravity . As imbalances are reached, the star is driven to find a new Energy source. ... Pressure and gravitational forces are equal, the star is stable and its core is sufficiently hot to fuse Hydrogen into Helium More about main sequence stars . ... The luminosity generated by the core fusion of Helium into Carbon is far greater than the shell luminosity associated with the fusion of Hydrogen into Helium. ...

... 172 ] Briefly, the count rate at the detector from a source at a redshift z is . ... Figure 55 shows the ``Green functions'' for the double compact binary merging rate   evolution assuming no collapse anisotropy. ... Another way that diverse peculiarities in the - distribution induced by the sources evolution could arise is connected with a possible non-monotonic character of the star formation rate in galaxies. ... 22 ] Figure  56 shows two-dimensional cuts through the parameter space. ...

... Meta Index / Home Page This section documents warnings and errors generated by this task (if any). ... error . ... When a background series is supplied: source and background timeseries INSTRUME keywords don't match. tsDiffTimeunitKwds . ... warning . The time series has a background column. corrective action: This column will be discarded. noOverlap . ... There is neither a POISSERR keyword nor an ERROR column in the time series. corrective action: Poissonian errors assumed. allSpatialMapsEmpty . ...

Next: Imaging by an Optimizing Method . ... A big advantage of this numerical integrator is its stability: the error in the semi-major axis and the eccentricity depends only on the step size and does not grow with an increasing number of time steps. ... As the integration time increases, the numerical results become more contaminated by various errors. ... A new symplectic integrator produces no secular truncation errors in the actions of a Hamiltonian system. ...

... FAQ Key Publications Links . ... Combined with previous data from our High-z Supernova Search Team and recent results by Riess et al., this expanded set of 16 high-redshift supernovae and a set of 34 nearby supernovae are used to place constraints on the following cosmological parameters: the Hubble constant (H 0 ), the mass density ( M ), the cosmological constant (i.e., the vacuum energy density, ), the deceleration parameter (q 0 ), and the dynamical age of the universe (t 0 ). ...

... Colours of stars and galaxies hold information on intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, such as stellar temperatures and galaxy populations, selective absorption and colour changes due different dust contents and inclination angles of galaxies, as well as galaxy redshifts and evolution. ... The colour magnitude diagram of 65000 galaxies to which all above-mentioned quantities and others contribute can only be explained by comparison with simulations. ... Colours are also of technical help. ...

... Posts tagged ?error bars? ... It is somewhat surprising that astronomers haven?t cottoned on to Lowess curves yet. ... how does one figure what the error bounds are on the ?best-fit? Lowess curve? ... Tags: Brad Wargelin , error bands , error bars , Fitting , least-squares , Loess , Lowess , polynomial , question for statisticians , smoothing . ... 11 Comments . ... Astronomers usually present errors as +-stddev on the quantities of interest, but that presupposes that the errors are uncorrelated. ...

The azimuth encoder rack gear is mounted on the inside of the azimuth ring girder. The azimuth encoder turns on this gear as the azimuth moves 0 to 720 degrees. ... The software assumes that this arc length along the encoder rack gear is correct (at a constant radius of 127/2 feet). The error in the radius of the rack gear becomes an azimuth error. To measure the error in the azimuth encoder rack gear, jon hagen built a proximity sensor. ... To compute the az encoder runout error: . ...

... LMC Project Outline . NGC 1818 Initial Results . ... The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is uniquely suitable for the study of massive star clusters at all stages of evolution. By combining HST observations of these clusters with N-body models we hope to understand the origin and evolution of rich star clusters in our own Galaxy, in the LMC, and beyond. ... We aim to combine our HST observations with N-body models to understand the formation and evolution of globular clusters. ...

The project of the informational system creation on the problem of evolution of radio galaxies, as a part of the "Big Trio" project aimed on studing of distant radio galaxies, is designed. This system allows a user to operate with simulated curves of spectral energy distributions (SED) to estimate ages and redshifts by photometry data. Authors use SEDs of several models for different types of galaxies. ... The HTTP and e-mail access is organized to this system. ...

... The Far-Infrared Radio Correlation (FRC) is the tightest and most universal correlation known among global parameters of galaxies. ... We also calculated the FRC using total infrared luminosity and rest-frame radio luminosity, qTIR, and find that qTIR is constant (within 0.22) over the redshift range 0 - 2. ... 2010). ... This work is the first to use such deep 70 µm data to study the evolution of the FRC based on individual sources. ... Median qT I R values for different redshift bins. ...

... Each point shows the 1 sigma photometric errors and the time span covered by the data; the dotted lines are the 3 sigma limits of each image. ... The solid thick lines are a fit obtained from a K-corrected, time-dilated SNIb light curve at z= 0.95 with tmax=34.0, E(B-V)=0.04 and omega=0.1. ... The three images on the left are the total HDF-N images by Williams et al. 1996 with a pixel scale of 0.04 arcsec/pixel. ... Each image is labelled by the filter and the time range of the observations in days....

Next: Results & Discussion Up: Coronal Hole Diagnostics out Previous: Introduction . ... The dates of the observations discussed here, their locations, pointing, slit sizes and exposure times are given in BTDW. ... Line fits are given by the dotted line. ... An estimation of the errors in the derived parameters was obtained using the GA-derived parameters as an input for a ``classical'' IDL-CURVEFIT procedure (Peter, 1999; Peter & Judge, 1999). ...

... Galaxy Evolution home . Cavendish Astrophysics . ... Cosmological evolution of star-forming galaxies . The origin and evolution of radio sources . ... Radio sources are among the most powerful of the family of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). ... The overall properties of radio sources are well predicted by analytical models of self-modifying evolution of the radio source which we have developed, and many of the more unusual structures observed can be reproduced using computational models. ...

... Dark Energy (Part of the Hubble Discoveries Series): http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/dark_energy/ (Flash-based multimedia tutorial on the discovery and meaning of dark energy; includes information on the origin and fate of universe) . ... Cosmology Visualizations from the NASA Universe Forum: http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum/einstein/resources_visual.htm#featcos (A series of computer visualizations of the evolution and structure of the universe, available in a number of formats.) ...

... Files in red?history) . ... Trapped Motion . ... 10a. Particle Drift . ... Fast Particles . ... The fact charged particles circle around field lines was well known to J.J. Thomson when he experimented with electron and ion beams in a magnetic field. ... The notion of adiabatic invariance is tied with the early years of quantum theory. ... By about1910, physicists realized that these patterns indicated changes in the laws of physics as one approached atomic dimensions. ...

Sloan Digital Sky Survey Telescope Technical Note 19970523 Charlie Hull and Walter Siegmund . ... A tracking error budget corresponding to the goal is given in that Technical Note. This budget was subsequently updated based on measurements in "2.5-m Telescope Drive Measurements IV: Acceptance Testing" (Sloan Digital Sky Survey Telescope Technical Note 19950608). Table 1 : Tracking error budget. ... Drive disk 2-D high freq. error . ... Az encoding error . ... Encoder capstan error . ...

EVIDENCE FOR AGE DELAY BETWEEN THE FORMATION OF THE OLD HALO AND THE THICK DISK. ... The metallicity function of globular clusters of thick disk and old halo is shown on Fig.1Ю There are a two approximately the same normal distribution with well-defined gap between them with width [Fe/H] 0.2 dex. ... Metallicity function (left panel), and age distribution (right panel) for the old halo and thick disk globular clusters. ... Plots of V S against cos for the thick disk and the old halo samples. ...

... Allows webmasters to configure the response of Apache to some error or problem. Customizable responses can be defined to be activated in the event of a server detected error or problem. e.g. if a script crashes and produces a "500 Server Error" response, then this response can be replaced with either some friendlier text or by a redirection to another URL (local or external). ... New behavior . ... redirect to a local URL, or . ... Each new variable will have the prefix REDIRECT_ . ...