... Using the central limit theorem, the total noise can be approximated by a Gaussian or normal distribution which has the frequency function : . ... where is the mean intensity of the source. ... In the statistical analysis of the probability distribution of data several estimators based on moments are used. ... For a normal distribution, these moments are and while for a Poisson distribution are and . Besides these moments other estimators are used to describe a distribution e.g. median and mode . ...

... Each DFS Department official document has to be issued according to the following internal procedure. Documents to be distributed outside DMD division must also be issued according to the Technical Archive procedure . ... Several documents are also available as complete templates defined internally for DFS Department documentation (e.g. template for Test Plan, for Test Report, .. ... Define the internal document number as: dfs-volxx-yyy-zzzz . ... Document title, . ... Issue number (e.g. 1). ...

Next: Star Formation Rate and Up: No Title Previous: Calculation of Evolutionary Tracks . To start calculations, we choose the distributions of the initial binary parameters: the mass of the primary ZAMS component, , binary mass ratio, , orbital separation a . ... whereas the mass ratio distribution is not. ... The zero assumption often made is that the mass ratio distribution has a flat shape, that is binaries with a high mass ratio occur as frequently as those with equal masses. ...

This is a library of galaxy spectra computed by Bruzual and Charlot using their Isochrone Synthesis Spectral Evolutionary Code. The December 1995 version of the Bruzual-Charlot atlas consists of 21 instantaneous bursts characterized by different IMF slope functions, and mass limits. Each instantaneous burst contains 221 spectral energy distributions (SEDs) corresponding to 221 time steps from 0 to 20 Gyr. ... Spectra for instantaneous and composite bursts are available. ...

... We have developed an integrated system that performs astronomical observations in Near Infrared bands operating two-dimensional instruments at the Italian National Infrared Facility's ARNICA and LONGSP . ... The user interface is organized as widget-based X11 client. ... 1993; Di Giacomo et al. 1993). ... Moreover, if the interprocess communication interface includes support for networking, the software immediately becomes network distributed software. ... DESQview/X User Guide 1993, Quarterdeck . ...

... RJMCMC Similar to Richardson Green 1997 Knowledge of the PSF makes things easier Insensitive to e.g. posterior for ten sources with = 3: Number of Components 9 10 11 12 0.141 0.222 0.220 0.157 0.022 0.029 0.027 0.021 Mean SD 7 0.029 0.018 8 0.058 0.019 13 0.082 0.014 Simulated Data Source region (2 SD) is about 28% of the area and contains about 41% of the observations Positions (-2, 0), (0, 1), (1.5, 0) with intensities ... Approximate the number of sources (2 in this case) 2. ...

... SiD workshop, Fermilab, April 9-11 2007 April 9, 2007 Nick Sinev, SiD design Workshop, Fermilab 1 Topics 1. ... What and how was simulated What and was One column clusters effects Accepted background density Hit reconstruction efficiency Hit efficiency How to improve efficiency Conclusions April 9, 2007 Nick Sinev, SiD design Workshop, Fermilab 2 What is this April 9, 2007 Nick Sinev, SiD design Workshop, Fermilab 3 Marty's idea Shift charge in neighboring columns in opposite directions. ...

To construct two-dimension distribution of minor planets user should specify elements/ parameters/ function that will be plotted as abscissas and ordinates. In three-dimension case one should add to them the element plotted on Z axis. ... Though you may choose elements plotted along different axes at will, often there is good reason to plot such elements as a, n, or n" along X axis (two-dimension distributions) and to plot them along Y axis in three-dimension case. ...

... PPTA timeline . ... List of projects . ... RedGW . ... One of the main goals of pulsar timing array projects is to limit the existence of a background of gravitational waves (GWs). Jenet et al. (2006) developed a method to determine such a limit if (and only if) the pulsar timing residuals were statistically white. In the paper we used data from six pulsars from the PPTA project to obtain a limit. The remaining pulsars were rejected because their timing residuals were not white. ...

... One of the most widely used tools of Fourier analysis is the Parseval theorem. It enables the experimentalist to view how the `energy' in the signal is distributed among frequencies. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms have made power spectra one of the obvious diagnostics tools during data acquisition, and energy maps are a versatile alternative. ... The result is an energy map (Fig. 9), showing the distribution of energy corresponding to the wavelet map (Fig. ...

Distribution of the analyzed SEPs with different >100 MeV proton fluxes ( J 100 ) at the microwave flux density plane ' S 9 vs. ... 1) General correspondence takes place between intensities of microwave bursts and proton fluxes - J 100 increases when S 9 and S 15 rise. ... 3) Powerful microwave bursts ( S 9 , S 15 >3000-10000 sfu ) with hard radio spectra ( S 9 < S 15 ) correspond to majority of powerful proton fluxes ( J 100 >10 pfu ). ...

Fast algorithm of reconstruction of absolute conductivity distribution in a cross-section of human body by measurements of electrodes' potentials on the skin surface is described. ... This paper describes fast algorithm for absolute conductivity reconstruction and results of its application. ... The main problem under the absolute image reconstruction is obtaining of reference data, corresponding to the object with uniform conductivity and the same electrode positions. ...

... In the case of a single pixel of a single image, is the Poisson distribution about the expectation value of the counts due to background, . As described in section 3.2 , we say there is a source present in this pixel if is larger than a cutoff value . ... This value of , minus the expectation due to background , is defined here as the detection sensitivity. Note that this does not mean that a source with an expectation value of counts which is greater than will always be detected. ...

... The procedure of radiometer signal integration can be considered as a sort of reducing dimension of the initial sampling space, where the samples are the result of analog-to-digital conversion. ... The probability distribution of the signal and spikes is completely known. ... The quality of the considered algorithm could be also illustrated by Figure 2 . ... One could see the considered adaptive algorithm is preferable even by low degree of compression, because all spikes have been depressed. ...

The summary plot shows the monthly time distribution of all predicted magnetic conjugations between four spacecraft considered. ... To show the time of conjugation, in frame of the corresponding day for each SC the corresponding colour and line are used: . for the first SC the red color and the first line are used, . ... On the plot the SC names are shown by the corresponding colours. The summary plot permit to find the simultaneous magnetic conjugations of 3 and even 4 satellites. ...

... We are using Canadian Galactic Plane Survey l 74.2њ, -3.6њ < b This poster gives preliminary results for a full-fledged analysis of the gas properties and distribution of HISA features in the CGPS. ... where T ON and T OFF are observed brightnesses on and off the HISA feature, T S is the spin or excitation temperature of the HISA gas, tau is its optical depth, T C is the continuum intensity, and p is the fraction of H I emission lying behind the HISA feature. ... GIF | ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Quasi-stationary electron distributions for the different values of the particle escape time. ... The electron-cyclotron maser instability is widespread in the Universe, producing, e.g., radio emission of the magnetized planets and cool substellar objects. ... The model used takes into account the radiation escape from the source region and the particle flow through this region. ...

Scale-heights of the Galactic disk subsytems with different ages and metallicities . V.Marsakov & Yu. ... It is based on the fact, that all stars cross the disk plane several times during their Galactic orbital period. ... We have used our representative sample of nearby disk F2-G2 stars Marsakov & Shevelev (1995) in which fundamental stellar parameters was determined on the basis of published date on uvby-photometry, proper motion and radial velocities. ... Marsakov V.A., Shevelev Yu.G. Bull. ...

Next: Polarization efficiency: size/shape/orientation effects Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: The 2175? feature . To model the interstellar polarization one needs to calculate the forward-transmitted radiation for an ensemble of non-spherical aligned dust grains. ... Let non-polarized stellar radiation passes through a dusty cloud with a homogeneous magnetic field. ... The angle between the line of sight and the magnetic field is ( ). ... where the angle is connected with and ( ). ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2011 June 29 . Abell 2744: Pandora's Cluster of Galaxies . Image Credit: NASA , ESA , J. Merten ( ITA , AOB ), D. Coe ( STScI ) . ... Far from a smooth distribution, Abell 2744 not only has knots of galaxies, but the X-ray emitting hot gas (colored red) in the cluster appears distributed differently than the dark matter . ... About APOD | ...