... The FOC suffers from various types of background, the most important of which are thermal electrons, Cerenkov radiation from high energy particles, geocoronal emission lines, zodiacal light, and light scattered within HST from the bright Earth or Moon. ... From on-orbit measurements using the f /96 camera, the former background has been found to vary with solar zenith distance (ZD); see Sections 6.4, 6.5, and 7.0 of the FOC Instrument Handbook , version 7.0, for more details. ...

... Primordial theory review : Dick Bond . Defects and the CMB review : Andy Albrecht . ... Gravitational wave contribution to CMB anisotropies : V.B. Lukash and E.V. Mikheeva . C_l from cosmic strings : Lloyd Knox . Some aspects of CMB anisotropies induced from topological defects : Mairi Sakellariadou . ... CMB anisotropies from scaling sources : Ruth Durrer . ... SZ observations I : Sarah Church . ... Holes in the microwave sky? ... Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB : James Robinson . ...

... Back to the Live Radiation Monitor Data The radiation monitor on board XMM-Newton registers the total count rate and basic spectral information on the background radiation impinging on the spacecraft and its scientific instruments. ... Counting of pulses for a selected energy band and above the low thresholds. ... Sensitivity: due to the electronic threshold, actually only electrons with energy greater than 130 keV and protons greater than 1.3 MeV can be measured by this unit. ...

... Europa lander", Moscow >12.02.2009 Outline Planetary instruments for in-situ chemical analysis Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy: principle, instrumentation, features GENTNER proposal of the LIBS instrument for the Europa lander mission State-of-the-art of the instrument Page 2 von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH Int. Symp. ... Page 3 von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH Int. Symp. ... Europa lander", Moscow >12.02.2009 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Principle Page 5 von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH Int. Symp. ...

National Space Agency of Ukraine and . ... The Second International Meeting on WARNING Mission . ... Space Research Institute of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences - National Space Agency, . ... The Head of Scientific committee of the Project “Warning” is DR V.G.Bar`yahtar, Academitian of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences. ... Lviv Center Space Research Institute of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, . ... National Space Agency of Ukraine, Bozhenka St. 11, 252022 Kyiv-22, Ukraine. ...

... HOME . ... Richard J. Edgar, Project Scientist . DXS, the Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer instruments were flown on the STS-54 mission of the Space Shuttle Endeavour in January of 1993. ... A Summary of the First Results from the Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer Experiment . ... In January of 1993 the Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS) instruments flew on the STS-54 mission of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. ... The DXS x-ray spectrum from the diffuse background in the constellations of Puppis and Auriga. ...

BNO is in Baksan Gorge at the Northern Caucasus . ... The Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST) of volume 3000 cubic centimeters at a depth of more 300 m. The mountainous plant ANDYRCHI to register wide air showers located over BUST on the area 5*10 4 square metres. The complex of surface plants KOVER including a large muon detector, a scintillation telescope and a neutrino monitor meant for studying the hard component of cosmic rays and wide air showers. ...

... Science Activities > PhD Thesis Topics offered by ESO Faculty Members > Thesis Topic: Foreground emission and Cosmic Microwave background intrinsic anisotropies . ... Since its discovery the Cosmic Microwave Radiation (CMB) has been one of the pillars of modern Cosmology. ... Further development of this work is the application of already tested algorithms to disentangle the foreground emission from the CMB maps and the determination of the CMB intrinsic emission. ... Return to list of thesis topics ...

... Galaxies 99 Cosmic background with model of cloudy interstellar medium Yu. ... Figure 1: Averaged spectrum of the cosmic background I f in frequency range 0.25 200 MHz for the Galactic poles. ... First interpretation of the cosmic noise background spectrum at broad band frequency range 0.25 200 MHz with a model of the cloudy interstellar medium ISM is presented here. ... Synthesized background spectra I f for regions of the Galactic poles at the frequency range 0.25 200 MHz is presented in Fig. ...

... a) As source material for the high-school or college curriculum, especially in physics. astronomy and their history. (b) As a source of supplemental projects by high school students or by undergraduates. (c) As material for independent studies, In particular by motivated students who seek to know more about space . ... Those wishing to look up specific topics are advised to use the index file, accessible from the end of any "Exploration" file. ... files not listed and at other resource material. ...

... radiative transfer studies in the dawn . ... Background: The interstellar medium of spiral galaxies is filled by gas and small solid particles, dust grains. ... dust emission at longer wavelengths, as FIR or the submm (bottom picture) allows a direct detection of the grains. ... An ESF workshop on dust in spiral galaxies : European astronomers have always been at the forefront of FIR astronomy, the study of interstellar dust and the development of radiative transfer codes. ...

... The improvement will be more pronounced in our crowded Wide Field Camera (WFC) images, and may be increased further through use of a more sophisticated method of combining the individual dithered images. Our analysis allows us to check for point spread function shape variations in the HST Planetary Camera (PC) field. ... In crowded field images, we are deriving information about the faint end of the luminosity function (LF) from the texture of the image background. ...

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

BACKGROUND . ... Electron bombarded silicon (EBS) gain makes the CCD interesting for keV electron detection. Ionizing particles absorbed in silicon create electron-hole pairs at the average rate of one per 3.64 eV incident energy. ... The variance in the number of electron-hole pairs created is given by the Fano factor for silicon (.1-.2) times the number of pairs created. When we use a CCD as a detector of ionizing particles, we would like to collect all of the electrons created. ...

... 1998, 15, 147­8 . An Imaging Survey of Northern Galactic H Emission with Arcminute Resolution Brian Dennison, John H. Simonetti and Gregory A. Topasna Martin Observatory, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA dennison@astro.phys.vt.edu; jhs@vt.edu; topasna@astro.phys.vt.edu Abstract: We present preliminary results from a high-resolution, high-sensitivity imaging survey of the northern galactic H emission. ...

Lessons learned from the Thirty Meter Telescope site testing Tony Travouillon Sebastian Els, Angel Otarola, Reed Riddle, Matthias Schoeck, Warren Skidmore TMT.XXX.PRE.05.0XX.DRF01 1 Introduction TMT and its Site testing. Important choice before going on site. ... Considerations during analysis of the data. TMT.XXX.PRE.05.0XX.DRF01 2 Some Background about the TMT Site Testing TMT is a 30m, segmented, RitcheyChretien telescope design. ... ASCA Cloud Cover Analysis So how do we do it in practice? ...

Southern Lights and Shuttle Glow . ... Credit Copyright: STS-39 Crew, NASA Explanation: A background of distant stars, sinuous and spiky bands of Southern Lights (Aurora Australis) , and the faint glow of charged plasma (ionized atomic gas) surrounding the Space Shuttle Discovery's engines give this photo from the STS-39 mission an eerie, otherworldly look. ... NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers . NASA Official: Jay Norris. ... A service of: LHEA at NASA / GSFC . ...

... The GALFA Continuum Transit Survey group ( GALFACTS ; PI: A. R. Taylor) has conducted several test observations and will begin an all-sky full-Stokes continuum survey later this year with the new P-ALFA spectrometer. ... Sample Perseus images of GALFA H I 21cm-line and full-Stokes continuum emission are shown below along with maps of molecular (CO) gas, thermal dust, and ionized gas optical emission for comparison. ... The GALFA H I emission appears to envelop the molecular cloud gas traced by CO. ...

STEP INTO THE BLUE - MEADE INSTRUMENTS PRODUCT GUIDE . ... Telescopes . LX850 Series . ... Superb optical performance coupled with time proven computerized pointing and tracking has made the LX200 ACF series a best-seller in the high-performance telescope class. ... Meade's revolutionary LS LightSwitchтДв series of telescopes use advanced technologies to do what no other consumer telescopes have done before: take all the hassle out of using a telescope. ... Coronado€о Solar . ... Spotting Scopes . ...

The above process keeps the # of protons and the # of neutrons in the early Universe constant. This is extremely important and will result in a testable prediction later. Remember, a free neutron (one that is not bound in an atomic nucleus) will decay into a proton + electron (+ anti-neutrino) in about 900 seconds. ... During this epoch, the proton-to-neutron ratio is 1.0 . ... The Universe consists of protons, neutrons and electrons plus a photon background and a neutrino background. ...