... HST Overview . ... The FOC suffers from various types of background, the most important of which are thermal electrons, Cerenkov radiation from high energy particles, geocoronal emission lines, zodiacal light, and light scattered within HST from the bright Earth or Moon. ... From on-orbit measurements using the f /96 camera, the former background has been found to vary with solar zenith distance (ZD); see Sections 6.4, 6.5, and 7.0 of the FOC Instrument Handbook , version 7.0, for more details. ...

Proceedings of the Particle Physics and Early Universe Conference (PPEUC). For this paper: postscript PPEUC CMB index 1 Introduction.. ... Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories , University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K. We use radiation emitted by the galaxy to probe the amplitude and spatial distribution of galactic free-free radiation. ... 2 Using to Trace Free--free Emission . ... Acknowledgements . ... PPEUC Proceedings . Fri Jul 25 11:50:21 BST 1997 ...

Results on nonequilibrium distributions of charged particles and radioisotope sources of current are as the following: . the new power-law distribution of charged particles in nonequilibrium media, for example, in the thin metalic films, under powerful energy source pumping were obtained ( together with V.I.Karas, V.M.Kontoriovich, V.E.Novikov); . ...

... Galaxies 99 Cosmic background with model of cloudy interstellar medium Yu. ... Figure 1: Averaged spectrum of the cosmic background I f in frequency range 0.25 200 MHz for the Galactic poles. ... First interpretation of the cosmic noise background spectrum at broad band frequency range 0.25 200 MHz with a model of the cloudy interstellar medium ISM is presented here. ... Synthesized background spectra I f for regions of the Galactic poles at the frequency range 0.25 200 MHz is presented in Fig. ...

ION AND ELECTRON ENERGY DETECTOR PAN-2 . ... The energy and angular distributions of charged particles can bring further information on the nature and spatial scales of magnetospheres processes. ... It permits the fast measurements of energy and angular parameters of charged particles in the range 40eV-40keV. ... The sensor unit is an electron electrostatic, axially symmetrical, toroidal analyzer. ... The energy range for both types of charged particles must stepped according to the logarithmic scale. ...

Next: Model Spectra for Spectral-Fitting Up: Spectral Analysis Previous: A Quick Look at . ... For ROSAT PSPC data, this conversion is done during the on-line (SASS) processing. For IPC observations, the instrument gain varies both across the detector and in time, and is applied during off-line processing (PROS) using the BAL histogram. By default, spectra are extracted in PI bins for PSPC data and in PHA bins for IPC data. ... Special techniques are required when using Einstein IPC data. ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Quasi-stationary electron distributions for the different values of the particle escape time. ... The electron-cyclotron maser instability is widespread in the Universe, producing, e.g., radio emission of the magnetized planets and cool substellar objects. ... The model used takes into account the radiation escape from the source region and the particle flow through this region. ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

Next: Structure of the Galaxy Up: Model of the Galaxy Previous: Model of the Galaxy . As discussed above (Section  6 ), galactic binary systems are assumed to be distributed logarithmically along their semi-major axis A (Abt and Levy, 1976[ 2 ]), . ... Figure 40: Number of binary stars per frequency decade. ... As the observed distribution of binary periods is flat (equation ( 15.3.1 )), the normalization constant is the total number of galactic binaries per frequency decade: . ...

ENERGETIC PARTICLE EXPERIMENT DOK-2 . ... Due to much higher energy, angular and time resolution, better separation of electrons and ions it is expected that DOK-2 experiment will allow to re-examine in more details energetic particle population and related processes in magnetosphere regions covered by the spacecraft orbit. ... Thin foil in front of detector absorbes protons with energies E<400 keV so this detector measures electron spectrum in 20 - 420 keV range. ... Energy values, keV . ...

... So far, there are no corrections for the particle background component that may be different in the source and background regions. ... These calibrations, which are critically required, should tell us about the most reliable way to estimate the particle component in a given region. ... The most straightforward way will be to decompose the background input spectrum as the sum of a ``sky'' component and a particle component computed in the background region. ...

... radiative transfer studies in the dawn . ... Background: The interstellar medium of spiral galaxies is filled by gas