Next: Phenomenological Kick Velocity Up: Restrictions on the Scenario Previous: The COOC Criterion (Criterion . ... The results of testing and parameters without kick velocity are presented in the form of "topographical maps" (i.e. as isolines) of constant ``COOC'' criterion in the plane calculated separately for each of the binary species listed in Table  4 (Figures  16 - 20 ). The total COOC criterion calculated with equal weights is shown in Figure  21 . ...

... Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) . ... ESO - Public Surveys . ... the recommended values to use for DIT, . ... Detector on-chip integration (DIT): seconds. to your chosen value - a separate page gives recommended values to use for DIT - for modes 1 and 2 below you may wish to start with the maximum recommended values as these will minimize the effect of read noise (a total object exposure of Y secs with DIT=X secs will produce Y/X lots of read noise) and give you a lower limit on the time needed. ...

... We demonstrate through numerical simulations that model parameters estimated with our technique are essentially bias-free, even when the average number of counts per bin is 1. ... The IW technique avoids such biases by estimating through successive iterations, where for each iteration, j, , and the best-fit parameters are determined by minimization of . ... In our sample, we find that the minimum values and best-fit parameters converge after about 6 iterations. ...

... At each pixel, then, the task has available values of the actual number of events found within the box and values of the expected number of background events within the same box. Considering for a moment just the values from a single band in isolation, if there were no sources in the field, then the probability of finding counts in this box would be given by the familiar Poisson expression . ... First, the values of LIKE for the individual bands are summed. ...

Program: CORMAP Purpose: Check whether there is a correlation between two maps Category: ANALYSIS, CALCULATION File: cormap.c Author: M. Vogelaar Keywords: INSET= Give set, subsets: Maximum number of subsets is 2048. BOX= Give box: [entire subset] RANGE= Give range of levels to include in calculation: [all] Input consists of two values. The first value may be greater than the second. See the description for the correct use of this keyword. ... PGCOLOR= Give color 1.. ...

To change the Scaling Function (how pixel values are binned into color levels): . ... For example, the basic grey-scale color map specifies no intensity for any color at the lowest color level, full intensity for all colors at the highest color level, with the red, green and blue intensities varying linearly for intermediate levels. ... At low bias, low color levels (i.e., low pixel values) will have non-zero intensities, while at high bias only high pixel values will have non-zero intensity. ...

... Abstract Fetch from the kernel pool the double precision values of an item associated with a body. ... It's an error to supply an output array that is too small to hold all of the values associated with the requested kernel variable. Detailed_Output dim is the number of values returned; this is always the number of values associated with the requested kernel variable unless an error has been signaled. values is the array of values associated with the requested kernel variable. ...

... There are number of features that can be set by the user in the Sparkle Dialog box. ... The Sparkle plug-in computes the luminosity (level of whiteness) of each pixel in the image (the user can see this when the progress window labeled Generating luminosity array... is displayed). ... The threshold value is currently a slider/text field pair which have a precision of .0001. ... Like the Threshold value, the Flare Intensity has both a slider and a text input field for specifying its value. ...

Next: Wavelength calibration Up: Reduction using Standard Previous: Order Definition: Methods . ... The algorithm accepts frame which can be mildly contaminated by particle hits, bad columns, order gaps due to absorption lines, as found in FLAT or STD . ... the interorder background is roughly constant over the frame. the slope of the orders is in the range ]0., ... For a background estimate without previous order definition, consider the echelle command BACKGROUND/SMOOTH . ... LOAD/TAB order :X :Y . ...

... ON THE ROLE OF LARGE-SCALE PLASMA IRREGULARITIES AT THE FINAL STAGE OF ANOMALOUS ABSOPTION DEVELOPING UNDER HF HEATING OF THE IONOSPHERE . ... Fig. ... With the aid of numerical statistical modeling based on multiple ray tracing it is shown that in presence of large-scale irregularities the reflected signal amplitude mean value is increased significantly. ... Dependence of the mean amplitude of the reflected from the ionosphere signal on the large-scale (10-50 km) electron density irregularity level...

... This article is part of the LWN Porting Drivers to 2.6 series . This article serves as a sort of final resting place for various small changes in the kernel programming API which do not fit elsewhere. The kdev_t type has been removed from the kernel; everything which works with device numbers should now use the dev_t type. ... Consider using these while fixing your code; the next time the type of i_rdev changes, you will be happier. ... Driver porting: miscellaneous changes, designated inits . ...

... Some equations, identities or formulas contain small quantities , and these can be made much simpler and easier to use by sacrificing a little accuracy. ... When we derive squares, 3rd powers, 4th powers etc. of numbers larger than 1 , the results are always bigger , while for numbers smaller than 1 , the results are always smaller . ... power . ... number . ... The above also holds for negative numbers, if one understands "bigger" and "smaller" to refer to the absolute value (the value without sign...

... These values are functions of the geographical (geodesic) latitude and the height of the point above the sea level. ... The option also permits to solve the reverse problem — to calculate approximate values of observatory latitude and its height above the sea level depending on the introduced values of dxy and dz. ... It should be mentioned that low precision of dxy and dz for some observatories in the list maintained by MPC leads to negative value of height above the sea level for some of them. ...

System parameters on Digital UNIX . ... Digital and Cray use the number of bytes as the KIND -parameter. ... LOGICAL Default byte word KIND number = 4 1 4 LOGICAL Default double quad KIND number = 4 8 16 INTEGER int15 int31 int63 KIND number = 2 4 8 digits = 15 31 63 radix = 2 2 2 range = 4 9 18 huge = 32767 2147483647 9223372036854775807 bit_size = 16 32 64 REAL single double quad KIND number = 4 8 16 digits = 24 53 113 maxexponent = 128 1024 16384 minexponent = -125 -1021 -16381 ...

... Some equations, identities or formulas contain small quantities , and these can be made much simpler and easier to use by sacrificing a little accuracy. ... When we derive squares, 3rd powers, 4th powers etc. of numbers larger than 1 , the results are always bigger , while for numbers smaller than 1 , the results are always smaller . ... power . ... number . ... The above also holds for negative numbers, if one understands "bigger" and "smaller" to refer to the absolute value (the value without sign...

... Simulation Images . Simulations of convection in stars . Mach-numbers in a simulation of convection inтАж . ... Title: Mach-numbers in a simulation of convection in the sub-giant Eta Boo . Description: The mach-number is the local speed in units of the local sound speed, with values above 1 being super-sonic. ... Mach-numbers in a simulation of convection in the sub-giant Eta Boo The mach-number is the local speed in units of the local sound speed, with values above 1 being super-sonic. ...

... public class CurveFitter . ... static int . ... Field Detail public static final int STRAIGHT_LINE . ... public static final int POLY2 . ... public static final int POLY3 . ... public static final int POLY4 . ... public static final int EXPONENTIAL . ... public static final int POWER . ... public static final int LOG . ... public static final int RODBARD . ... public static final int GAMMA_VARIATE . ... public static final int LOG2 . ... public static double f (int fit, double[] p, double x) . ...

We present an investigation of rotation-activity correlation using IUE SWP measurements of CIV emission line at 1550\AA for 72 active binary systems. We use a standard stellar evolution code to derive non-empirical Rossby numbers, R_{o}, for each star in our sample and compare the resulting CIV rotation-activity correlation to that found for empirically derived values of Rossby number and that based on rotation alone. ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...