... The J, H and K bands are characterized by a bright background, such a background is mainly due to the emission of atmospheric lines and of thermal radiation. ... If the source cover a large fraction of the slit, spectra off-source must be observed to adequately sample the sky background. ... The on chip integration time (time spent in each position of the slit) must not exceed 40 seconds in J and H bands and 60 seconds in K band. ... We suggest a sequence of 10 for each elementary integration time. ...

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... A set of formulae has been developed to correct aperture photometry for CTE loss with dependencies on the X and Y positions, the background counts, the brightness of the star, and the time of the observation. The observations indicate that for very faint stars on a very faint background, the CTE loss from the top to the bottom of a chip has increased from about 3% shortly after the cool-down of WFPC2 (April 23, 1994) to roughly 40% in February 1999. ... Figure 5: Same as Figure 4 for X-CTE. ...

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• WFPC2 Instrument Handbook Update
• Sky Background
• Bright-Object Constraints

... All primary data reduction was done with MIDAS. The frames were corrected for bias, dark, and flat field in the same way as for reduction of the 2D frames of NOT long-slit spectra. ... The SB profiles were decomposed into two components: one with a gaussian distribution in the central part and the second being an exponential disc. ... The final photometric errors take into account the instrumental errors and the error of transformation to the standard photometrical system. ...

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• SAO 6m observations
• Results and conclusions
• IPCS observations and data reduction

In this gallery are many images of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies which have recently been discovered and analyzed. ... The central surface brightness of this galaxy is 24.28 . Malin 2 This galaxy is another huge disk galaxy with a scale length of 15 kpc and a redshift of 15000 km/a. The high surface brightness knot in one of its spiral arms actually has the same color, luminosity and H-alpha equivalent width as the entire Large Magellanic Cloud . ... Truly it is a Low Surface Brightness Galaxy. ...

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• Galaxy Gallery Page III
• Galaxy Gallery Page II

... Using a simple 2-D Gaussian Point Spread Function (PSF) on a constant (flat) sky background, I derive a theoretical photometric and astrometric performance model for analytical and digital PSF-fitting stellar photometry. ... The photometric performance is maximized when either the effective background area or the effective-background-level measurement error is minimized. ... An important, but frequently ignored, noise source is the uncertainty of the measurement of the effective background level ( )...

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• Recreating Einstein Level One Processing Exposure Masks and Background Maps in
• A Method for Minimizing Background Offset Errors When Creating Mosaics
• Correction of Systematic Errors in Differential Photometry

... Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 19 . ... Notes: This is the remnant of the SN of AD 1006. ... Optical: Filaments to the NW, with broad H component. ... Point sources: The background Schweizer Middleditch star is near the middle of the remnant. ... van den Bergh 1976, ApJ, 208, L17. Optical observations. ADS . ... X-ray spectroscopy. ... Schweizer & Middleditch 1980, ApJ, 241, 1039. ... Optical spectroscopy of the Schweizer Middleditch star. ... Optical spectroscopy. ... 2013, A&A, 552, A9. ...

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• G189.1+3.0
• G74.0-8.5
• G120.1+1.4

... In the three intervening decades there have been many observations of this diffuse emission over a wide range of x-ray energies. ... During the 1970's researchers at the University of Wisconsin, lead by Dr. William Kraushaar, used a series of sounding rocket flights to map the diffuse x-ray emission from the sky in several bands. ... University of Wisconsin Sky Survey map of the B-band (0.13-0.188 keV) x-ray intensity. ... University of Wisconsin Sky Survey map of the 2-6 keV band x-ray intensity. ...

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• The X-Ray Galactic SNR Catalog
• The Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP)
• Champlane Observation: Magellan/IMACS June 6-9, 2005

... Copyrightї1997 Bob Yen (byen@ix.netcom.com) (http://www.comet-track.com/hb/hb.html) . ... Information on Comet Hale-Bopp for the Non-Astronomer Hale-Bopp rotates about twice a day (3/14/97) . ... The Comet Observation Home Page was been selected to receive the Griffith Observatory Star Award for the week of February 2 - 8, 1997 for excellence in promoting astronomy to the public through the World Wide Web. ... Typically, about 1,000 individual users/computers access this page every day. ...

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Next: Gravitational Wave Background from Previous: Galactic Gravitational Wave Background . ... It is intuitively clear that at frequencies above the critical ones for our Galaxy, one will detect rare bright jerks produced by coalescing white dwarfs   (at a rate of 1 per 100 year) and NS (at a rate of 1 per - year) in our Galaxy, against a background of the extragalactic stochastic GW. ... Firstly we consider GWB from close individual galaxies, and then will discuss overall extragalactic GWB. ...

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The night sky brightness, together with number of clear nights, seeing, transparency, photometric stability and humidity, are some of the most important parameters that qualify a site for front-line ground--based astronomy. ... Night sky at ESO-Paranal (Chile). ... Night sky brightness data . ... UBVRI night sky brightness at ESO-Paranal during sunspot maximum (A 2003, PDF) . ... The Dancing Sky: six years of night sky observations at Cerro Paranal (Starlight 2007 conference proceedings, PDF) . ...

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• NTT Observations of Bright Comet 1995 Q1 (Bradfield)
• NTT Observations of Bright Comet 1995 Q1 (Bradfield) | ESO
• NTT Observations of Bright Comet 1995 Q1 (Bradfield) | ESO United States

... Estimation of the residual Soft Proton flare contamination . ... The script can be run on any EPIC event files (MOS1, MOS2 and/or pn), to estimate the amount of *residual* Soft Proton (SP) flare contamination, i.e. it should only be used *after* attempts have been made to clean the event files for SPs using GTI filtering. ... The higher the in-FOV to out-of-FOV ratio, the more the file is contaminated by SPs: . ... File is not contaminated by SPs. ... File is slightly contaminated by SPs. ...

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• How to extract MOS background spectra from blank fields event lists
• SourceListFile
• EPIC Background

. Latest SNe . Icons off . News . SN List . Extragalactic Novae . Sort by: . Location . Magnitude . Date . Name . Calsky: . R.A. Brightness . Age . Updates . Links . Image index . Image Gallery . Photometry Reference images . Posting Observations . Archives Site Search: . Translations . Related Sites . VSNet

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• Posting to VSNet
• THE BRIGHT SUPERNOVA 1991T IN NGC 4527; AN AMATEURS PRESPECTIVE
• Bright Supernova Bright Supernova

Once students get the hang of it, they can find and measure the brightness of Delta Cephei in a few minutes. ... of Delta Cephei . ... Oct. ... The following table lists the measurements of Delta Cephei made by one amateur astronomer in autumn 1990. ... 4.0 . ... This activity is a simplified version of one that appeared in Hands-On Astrophysics, a series of activities prepared by the American Association of Variable Star Observers with support from the National Science Foundation. << previous page | ...

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• ASP: Monster Comet Promises Big Show
• ASP: Light Pollution
• ASP: Accidental Astrophysics: The Devil's In the Magnitudes, Part II

Next: Basic Properties Up: R Coronae Borealis Stars Previous: Introduction . RCB stars are named after a star just visible to the naked eye in the constellation of Corona Borealis. RCrB was discovered by Edward Pigott, an English amateur astronomer, who had been observing a star in the `Northern Crown' for over a decade. ... Since 1795, other RCB stars have been discovered and their properties have been carefully observed. ...

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• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• Observations with the Faulkes Telescopes
• Coronal Bright Points: Another Oscillating Environment

New reduction of minor planets photographic plates obtained with Pulkovo Normal Astrograph A.A. Berezhnoy Pulkovo Observatory of RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Minor Planet observations at Pulkovo Periodical observations of 14 bright asteroids named Selected Minor Planets (SMP) were performed at Pulkovo since 1948 within the international framework started by works of B.V. Numerov and D. Brouwer. ... 108 133 113 74 124 67 97 88 14 84 64 5 20 19 Epochs (YYYY.MM) 1200 Mean values of total obs. ...

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... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Using positional observations of minor planets for improving the orientation of star catalogue Yu. ... But expe­ rience shows that this kind of observations can be used succesfully for improving orientation parameters of star catalogues with respect to dynamical reference system. ... Observations of 90 selected minor planets were used in general solution for their orbital elements, orientation parameters and some parameters of phase re­ duction. ...

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• Keywords_133
• Keywords_37

... ATCA HI and radio continuum observations of the peculiar southern galaxy IC2554 and its surroundings reveal typical signatures of an interacting galaxy group. We detected a large HI cloud between IC2554 and the elliptical galaxy NGC3136B. The gas dynamics in IC2554 itself, which is sometimes described as a colliding pair, are surprisingly regular, whereas NGC3136B was not detected. ... The total HI mass of the IC2554 system is approx. 2 x 10 9 Msun, a third of which resides in the HI cloud. ...

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• Brightness Units
• Flux density bootstrapping
• Observations

... 2006: . ... 1) A study of the solar corona. ... 2) The study of the solar northern polar region. A powerful radio source above the solar North Pole in the region of the polar coronal hole was discovered. ... A transition boundary from brightening to darkening at the wavelength of 3.5cm was found in the emission of the polar coronal hole. These facts are decisive for the choice of the solar cycle model. 3) Polarized radio emission of a high-latitude prominence was registered. ... Archive . ...

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• Detection of unique bright radio flare of X-ray binary
• Ratan-600 observation schedule
• Metagalaxy sector, archive 2000

Pulkovo NEO Page . ... Instrumentation and Observations . ... This Windows application serves for determination of spherical coordinates and magnitudes of the objects. ... The objects coordinates are referred to the system of chosen star catalog. ... 2. choice of reference stars with mouse, . 3. measurement of rectangular frame coordinates of objects and reference stars taking account of predefined background parameters, . 4. calculation of the spherical coordinates of objects. ...

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Astronomy Discussion Forums . Forums: . ... Observation Report From Coyle 07/19/03 . ... Post Message | ... Observation report from Coyle 07/19/03 . ... The background became jet black with the bright ring just floating there in the middle. ... It looked more like a ball. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

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• Yes - an Astronomy Net Observation_reports Forum Message
• You Can Make Stellar Images Brighter - an Astronomy Net Article
• Finding Himalia, The Fifth Brightest Moon Of Jupiter - an Astronomy Net Article