BACKGROUND . ... Electron bombarded silicon (EBS) gain makes the CCD interesting for keV electron detection. Ionizing particles absorbed in silicon create electron-hole pairs at the average rate of one per 3.64 eV incident energy. ... The variance in the number of electron-hole pairs created is given by the Fano factor for silicon (.1-.2) times the number of pairs created. When we use a CCD as a detector of ionizing particles, we would like to collect all of the electrons created. ...

... The behaviour of the polarization efficiency (see Eq. ( 14 )) for non-absorbing and absorbing spheroids is shown in Fig. 11 for the case when a maximum polarization is expected (PF alignment, ). ... Figure 11: Polarization efficiency against for prolate and oblate spheroids with and , picket fence orientation, . The size/shape effects are illustrated. ... Figure: Polarization efficiency as a function of particle equivolume radius for prolate core-mantle spheroids with and , PF orientation, . ...

The idea that the inner radiation belt came from neutrons splashed out of the atmosphere was independently proposed at the end of 1958, the year in which the belt was discovered, by three investigators--S. Fred Singer (U. of Maryland), Paul Kellogg (U. of Minnesota) and S.N. Vernov (USSR). ... Like surfers riding a wave, trapped electrons and ions rode this shock and within a minute or so created a new radiation belt just outside the inner belt (picture below). ...

... Files in red?history) . ... Belts . ... 12a. Inner Belt . ... The artificial radiation belts from the Argus experiment were located in the "slot" between the two belts and their lifetimes of a few weeks underscored the temporary nature of trapping there (especially for electrons produced just above the atmosphere). ... Like surfers riding a wave, trapped electrons and ions rode this shock and within a minute or so created a new radiation belt just outside the inner belt (picture below). ...

... Sources of the quantum theory. ... Wave function and their physical interpretation. Schroedinger equation as a constraint on the physical state. Feynman's formulation of the quantum mechanics (path integration) and classical limit. Quantum mechanics postulates. States and observables, measurable physical values. ... State vector. ... Amplitude and crossection of scattering. ... M.: Nauka, 1974. ... Iroshnikov G.S. Path integral and coherent states in quantum mechanics and field theory. ...

... Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Dielectrics . ... Interband optical transitions and their optical properties. ... Excitons in crystals. ... Collective interaction effects in exciton and nonequilibrium high-density carrier system. ... Carrier spin and exciton optical orientation in semiconductors. ... Two-dimensional excitons in quantum wells and related quantum systems. €аState density in transverse magnetic field and effect of random potential fluctuation on one-particle spectrum shape. ...

Subject, Problems and Objects of Theoretical Astrophysics. ... Stellar Photospheres, Their Features. ... Physics of Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres. ... Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres of Various Spectral Classes. Solar Type Photospheres. ... Characterisics of Absorption Lines. ... Interstellar Absorption Lines, Their Features. ... Physical and Dynamic Features of Interstellar Medium, Which Follows from Observations of Interstellar Absorption Lines. ...

... About ATNF overview . ... Parkes radio telescope . ... Saxton & Wu (1999) presented calculations of the stability of the accretion shock which forms on the surface of an accreting magnetic white dwarf in AM Herculis type systems in an attempt to explain the observed properties of the quasi periodic oscillations sometimes seen in these systems. He showed that radiative cooling may cause thermal instability in the post-shock structure of the accretion flow settling onto a magnetic white dwarf. ...

... The formation of spectral disturbances of Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) during the period of hydrogen recombination at redshift is considered. Special attention is paid to the decimeter and meter wavelength band. ... In this paper we will return to the question on the spectral lines caused by recombination of hydrogen discussed by Dubrovich (1975) , in the longer wavelength part of spectrum of the CBR. ... A synthesis of recombination radiolines spectra is divided into several stages. ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

... ESO is building what will be the World's largest optical telescope array, The Very Large Telescope (VLT). The VLT Project organisation is responsible for the design and construction of the Unit Telescopes, including enclosures, optics, adapter-rotators and coating unit. ... Unit Telescopes Overview - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Secondary mirror (M2 Unit) - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Coating Unit - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ...

... self-absorption - the absorption of light shining on an object by a process similar to that which produced the light originally; if a cloud emits less light than it