BACKGROUND . ... Electron bombarded silicon (EBS) gain makes the CCD interesting for keV electron detection. Ionizing particles absorbed in silicon create electron-hole pairs at the average rate of one per 3.64 eV incident energy. ... The variance in the number of electron-hole pairs created is given by the Fano factor for silicon (.1-.2) times the number of pairs created. When we use a CCD as a detector of ionizing particles, we would like to collect all of the electrons created. ...

... The behaviour of the polarization efficiency (see Eq. ( 14 )) for non-absorbing and absorbing spheroids is shown in Fig. 11 for the case when a maximum polarization is expected (PF alignment, ). ... Figure 11: Polarization efficiency against for prolate and oblate spheroids with and , picket fence orientation, . The size/shape effects are illustrated. ... Figure: Polarization efficiency as a function of particle equivolume radius for prolate core-mantle spheroids with and , PF orientation, . ...

The idea that the inner radiation belt came from neutrons splashed out of the atmosphere was independently proposed at the end of 1958, the year in which the belt was discovered, by three investigators--S. Fred Singer (U. of Maryland), Paul Kellogg (U. of Minnesota) and S.N. Vernov (USSR). ... Like surfers riding a wave, trapped electrons and ions rode this shock and within a minute or so created a new radiation belt just outside the inner belt (picture below). ...

... Files in red?history) . ... Belts . ... 12a. Inner Belt . ... The artificial radiation belts from the Argus experiment were located in the "slot" between the two belts and their lifetimes of a few weeks underscored the temporary nature of trapping there (especially for electrons produced just above the atmosphere). ... Like surfers riding a wave, trapped electrons and ions rode this shock and within a minute or so created a new radiation belt just outside the inner belt (picture below). ...

... Sources of the quantum theory. ... Wave function and their physical interpretation. Schroedinger equation as a constraint on the physical state. Feynman's formulation of the quantum mechanics (path integration) and classical limit. Quantum mechanics postulates. States and observables, measurable physical values. ... State vector. ... Amplitude and crossection of scattering. ... M.: Nauka, 1974. ... Iroshnikov G.S. Path integral and coherent states in quantum mechanics and field theory. ...

... Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Dielectrics . ... Interband optical transitions and their optical properties. ... Excitons in crystals. ... Collective interaction effects in exciton and nonequilibrium high-density carrier system. ... Carrier spin and exciton optical orientation in semiconductors. ... Two-dimensional excitons in quantum wells and related quantum systems. €аState density in transverse magnetic field and effect of random potential fluctuation on one-particle spectrum shape. ...

Subject, Problems and Objects of Theoretical Astrophysics. ... Stellar Photospheres, Their Features. ... Physics of Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres. ... Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres of Various Spectral Classes. Solar Type Photospheres. ... Characterisics of Absorption Lines. ... Interstellar Absorption Lines, Their Features. ... Physical and Dynamic Features of Interstellar Medium, Which Follows from Observations of Interstellar Absorption Lines. ...

... About ATNF overview . ... Parkes radio telescope . ... Saxton & Wu (1999) presented calculations of the stability of the accretion shock which forms on the surface of an accreting magnetic white dwarf in AM Herculis type systems in an attempt to explain the observed properties of the quasi periodic oscillations sometimes seen in these systems. He showed that radiative cooling may cause thermal instability in the post-shock structure of the accretion flow settling onto a magnetic white dwarf. ...

... The formation of spectral disturbances of Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) during the period of hydrogen recombination at redshift is considered. Special attention is paid to the decimeter and meter wavelength band. ... In this paper we will return to the question on the spectral lines caused by recombination of hydrogen discussed by Dubrovich (1975) , in the longer wavelength part of spectrum of the CBR. ... A synthesis of recombination radiolines spectra is divided into several stages. ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

... ESO is building what will be the World's largest optical telescope array, The Very Large Telescope (VLT). The VLT Project organisation is responsible for the design and construction of the Unit Telescopes, including enclosures, optics, adapter-rotators and coating unit. ... Unit Telescopes Overview - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Secondary mirror (M2 Unit) - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Coating Unit - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ...

... self-absorption - the absorption of light shining on an object by a process similar to that which produced the light originally; if a cloud emits less light than it absorbs from other clouds behind it, this net loss of light, termed self-absorption , causes the foreground cloud to appear darker than the background field (the term is from spectroscopy, where small absorption dips sometimes occur in larger emission lines, making the latter look as if it is absorbing part of itself) . ... HISA Main ...

The space between the planets is far from empty. It contains: electromagnetic radiation (photons); hot plasma (electrons, protons and other ions) a.k.a. the solar wind ; cosmic rays; microscopic dust particles; and magnetic fields (primarily the Sun's). While the Sun 's radiation is obvious, the other components of the interplanetary medium were not discovered until very recently. ... Except near some of the planets, interplanetary space is filled with the Sun's magnetic field. ... Sun .. ...

The 25th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology , 27 ­ 30 April 2014, Moscow, Russia Power Load Dependencies of Cold Electron Bolometer Optical Response at 350 GHz Mikhail A. Tarasov , Valerian S. Edelman , Andrey B. Ermakov , Sumedh H. Mahashabde , and Leonid S. Kuzmin . ... At high power load levels and low temperatures the changes of tunneling current, dynamic resistance and voltage response have been explained by non -thermal energy distribution of excited electrons. ...

... In spite of the good potential possibilities, some of the station "Dnepr" design characteristics did not allow us to apply the usual special IS radar measurement methods. ... Thus for IS signal measurements at the "Dnepr" station, we have developed special methods for recording and processing IS signals in order to determine plasma ionospheric parameters. ... Equations (4-5) from the basis for data post processing to obtain ionosphere parameters. ...

The CHIANTI database consists of 4 primary ASCII files for each ion in the database. contains the energy levels in cm^(-1) It includes both experimental data and theoretical values of the levels energies. ... For consistency with Griffin et al 2000, who adapted their atomic structure calculation to a set of observed energies identical to the NIST one, we use the NIST v.2 level ordering. %produced as part of the Arcetri/Cambridge/NRL 'CHIANTI' atomic data base collaboration % % E.Landi - Nov 2004 . ...

... Time-dependent diffusion of Fe compared to the equi- librium stratification for a model with T eff = 10 000 K, log g = 4.0 and a magnetic field of 10 kG strength, inclined by 60 with re- spect to the surface normal. ... The dash-dotted line gives the equilibrium stratification - the radiative acceleration of Fe is equal to 4.0 throughout the atmosphere. ... Numerical modelling of surface abundance distributions in ApBp star atmospheres constitutes a challenging astrophysical problem. ...

... As part of our effort to enhance the calibration of STIS (a spectrograph on-board the Hubble Space Telescope), we have developed a model of the readout process for CCD detectors suffering from degraded charge transfer efficiency. ... Nevertheless the empirical corrections for STIS provide an ideal means of testing and calibrating the physical model, as the empirical corrections are essentially a distillation of what is to be learnt from the calibration data with respect to CTI. ...

... All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain 0273-l 177/00 $20.00 + 0.00 PII: SO273-1177(99)01221-I ELECTRIC FIELD DISTURBANCE IN THE EARTH - IONOSPHERE LAYER V. M. Sorokin , and A. K. Yaschenko Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS (IZMlRAN), Troitsk, Moscow region, 142092, Russia ABSTRACT Theoretical studies of the electric field disturbance due to a variation of the atmospheric current, flowing between ionosphere and the Earth, are carried out. ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...