Channel ops are one of the most powerful and simple tools available to you with the GIMP. ... Channel ops are operations that typically involve two images. Each channel operation compares and does some sort of manipulation based on the pixels in two images. ... Add takes two images, and adds the RGB or greyscale values of the pixels. ... If you have a completely black canvas, all the values are zero. ... This channel operation compares two images and results in the darkest values from each image. ...

... Using filters that match the eye's response can result in a natural or "true" color image. ... Color composite using Screen layer blend mode Layers Palette Screen layer blend mode U band Grayscale Colorized Levels adjustment layer grouped with U image layer B band Hue/Saturation adjustment layer grouped with V image layer V band I band Hue = 130 (green) Saturation = +10 0% LIghtness = ­50% Colorize Hue/Saturation Dialog Resulting color composite image Adjusting image ...

... mixer chassis. ... fbox1 to fbox2 cables, fbox1 side . ... Fbox1 to fbox2 cables, fbox2 side : PolA ( dashed green ) dropped by 6% when loosened 1/2 turn. ... PolB ( dashed blue ) dropped by .5%. reverse polB fbox1 to fbox2 cable: The polB cable was removed, cleaned, and then reinserted with the ends switched. ... Loosening the cable on filter 5 polB fbox1 side showed no change. ... The cable was probably loose or dirty. filter 6 (1360-1470) fbox1 to fbox2 polA dropped by 6% when loosened 1/2 a turn...

... Next: Star Finding and Up: Image Restoration and Previous: Multiresolution and Astronomical . ... Design improvements continue to be made in the filter developed using mathematical morphology principles for the Infrared Astronomical Satellite ( IRAS ) images. The purpose of this filter is to eliminate Galactic cirrus emission from extragalactic fields. ... With an appropriate normalization, the filter curve was applied to each pixel in the image to remove the Galactic cirrus. ...

Next: Results and Discussion Up: Evolution of Supernova Explosion Previous: - Dependence for the . In order to construct the - dependence for supernova explosions, we calculated separately the m ( z ) in the R band and N ( z ) taking the cosmological and evolutionary effects into account. ... where n(t) is the SN rate as a function of age of the galaxy, t(z) is the age of the galaxy as a function of its redshift, and is the density of galaxies in the Universe. ...

... 11 Yellow-Green (78% transmission): Contrasts well with the red and blue characteristics of surface features on Jupiter and Saturn. ... 82A Light Blue (73% transmission): Useful on the Moon, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, this subtle pale blue filter enhances areas of low contrast while avoiding significant reduction of overall image brightness. ... Meade Series 4000 Photo-Visual Color Filters may be ordered individually or in the following sets: . ... Meade Series 4000 Broadband Nebular Filters . ...

Response of the 2 Pass Filter with integer tap weights G. Comoretto Novemb er 12, 2003 Abstract Effects of truncation on tap coefficients for the 2 Pass Filter proposed for ALMA are examined. It is shown that performances well within specifications can be achieved using 8 bit taps for the first step filter, and 9 bits for the second. ... Different colors refer to quantization in second stage filter taps (first stage taps always 8 bit). red 8 bit, green 9 bit, blue 10 bit, black full precision. ...

. unfiltered . GGM02C model . PC 1 . PC 2+3 . PC 2 . PC 3 . PC 4 . PC 5 . Sum of nine first PCs 2-10 . Difference between the initial signal and ten first PCs 1-10 . PC 1 . PC 2+3 . PC 2 . PC 3 . PC 4 . PC 5 . Sum of nine first PCs 2-10 . Difference between the initial signal and ten first PCs 1-10 . PC 1 . PC 2+3 . PC 2 . PC 3 . PC 4 . PC 5 . Sum of nine first PCs 2-10 . Difference between the initial signal and ten first PCs 1-10 .

adapted from Observe: Eclipses, published in 1979 by the Astronomical League and "Safe Solar Filters," by B. Ralph Chou, Sky and Telescope, August 1981) . ... Tape TWO pieces of film together into a sandwich, and tape this over the opening in the cardboard. ... The cardboard frame will act as a shade from the bright Sun, while you safely observe through the film sandwich. ... Undeveloped film is not safe. ... tape . ... At the end of one of the tubes, tape the aluminum foil, and make a tiny pinhole. ...

... We have measured this "redshift" for the pink black holes, and allowed for it in our calculations. ... We see this effect in the emission from gas around these pink black holes, but it is far too small an effect to account for the pinkness. Thus the swirling motions of gas around or into the black holes cannot produc the colour. ... At first we thought that these things were normal blue black holes hidden behind clouds of interstellar dust, that absorbed the blue light and made them appear pink. ...

... Figure: A dark current CCD exposure with cosmic ray events which are removed with non--linear filters. ... Figure shows a CCD dark current exposure with cosmic ray events. ... Figure: Removal of cosmic ray events on a CCD spectral exposure with different techniques: (A) original, (B) median filter, (C) recursive filter and (D) stack comparison. ... For comparison with non--linear filter techniques, Figure D shows removal of cosmic ray events from the spectral frame discussed above. ...

XMM-Newton OM Response Files Page . ... Data Analysis SAS News What is SAS? ... The response files have the name om_effarea_<filter>_v2.0.rsp. The response files should be used in conjunction with a spectral data file containing the filter count rate. Such a data file may be created by editing the template filter file om_filter_default.pi with a fits editor such as 'fv' and changing the "RATE" and "STAT_ERR" entries in the SPECTRUM extension to the filter count rate and error. ...

... Dynamical kick (3-body SMBH interaction) ­ ­ Requires tmerge,BH > tmerge,galaxy ("dry" mergers?) ... 2007 ) A model for recoiling SMBHs Integrate trajectory of recoiling BH ­ ­ Smooth potential (stellar bulge + gas disk) Stellar and gaseous dynamical friction Calculate (-disk + accretion rate using hybrid model Bondi) Free parameters: recoil kick speed and inclination Fiducial Model: ­ ­ MBH ~ 108 M Mgas = 0.5 M Example of SMBH trajectory Fiducial Model vkick = 440 km/s i = 45o Example...

Weaving together Astronomy+Statistics+Computer Science+Engineering+Intrumentation, far beyond the growing borders . ... Posts tagged ?Kalman filter? ... I decide to discuss Kalman Filter a while ago for the slog after finding out that this popular methodology is rather underrepresented in astronomy. ... Their use of Kalman filter, though, looked similar to the usage of ?genetic algorithms? or ?Bayes theorem.? ... MADS] Kalman Filter? ... Comment . ... Tags: abstract , Kalman filter . ... Entries RSS . ...

... Black holes are found at the centres of galaxies which are similar in size to our own Milky Way Galaxy or larger. When black holes collide and merge they form supermassive black holes which are events among the most powerful in the universe. ... 55, No. 1, pages 1-5, 'Observational Effects of Strong Gravity in Vicinity of Supermassive Black Holes' . ... International Year of Astronomy, Ireland National Node . ...

... This experiment makes use of a novel an sophisticated CCD imaging design whereby by 4 2048x2048 detectors are butted together to form a single 4096x4096 pixel detector system. ... Figure 4 (1.1 Megs) shows an example image from one of the LMC fields that is searched for gravitational microlensing amplification of stellar brightness. ... Figure 5 (124 Kbytes) shows an image of NGC 253, taken with this camera and a 320x512 RCA CCD which has 30 micron size pixels. ... Page 5 . ...

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 First results of GPS orbit determination with GRAPE package using a square--root information filter M. O. Keshin Institute of Applied Astronomy, St. Petersburg, Russia The zero--differenced carrier phase measurements contain the distance be­ tween the phase centres of receiver and transmitter antennas biased by unknown integer number of cycles (phase ambiguities). ... In the case of GPS the problem of solar radiation pressure modelling is of primary importance. ...

2009-05-20 O.Hainaut There are many steps between the data coming out of a camera on a professional telescope and the final image that appears in magazines or on our web sites. ... preliminary: from the telescope to Photoshop. cleaning: remove the artifacts remaining in the image . ... In each filter, several images are acquired. ... Fig 1: a raw image (click for full scale) . ... At this stage, the images are still in FITS, the astronomical format, with one FITS file per filter. ... The final image. ...

... Обзор LPR фильтра. Впечатления от наблюдений с LPR фильтром. ... Характеристики цветных фильтров Baader-Planetarium . Мой перевод pdf- файла о фильтрах с сайта Baader-Planetarium (379 кб) . ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... The Magazine . News . Observing . ... Community . ... Gravitational wave search provides insights into galaxy evolution and mergers . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Open cluster NGC 2818, spiral galaxy NGC 2964, and spiral galaxy NGC 2976 . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... filter . ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter. ... Astronomy Magazine . ...