... They had expected to see impact craters like those on the other terrestrial bodies and from their number per unit area to estimate the age of Io's surface. ... This may have been the most important single discovery of the Voyager missions; it was the first real proof that the interiors of other "terrestrial" bodies are actually hot and active. ... A nalysis of the Voyager images led scienties to believe that the lava flows on Io's surface were composed mostly of various compounds of molten sulfur. ...

Europa ("yoo ROH puh") is the sixth of Jupiter 's known satellites and the fourth largest; it is the second of the Galilean moons. ... Discovered by Galileo and Marius in 1610. ... But Europa's surface is not at all like anything in the inner solar system. ... The images of Europa's surface strongly resemble images of sea ice on Earth. It is possible that beneath Europa's surface ice there is a layer of liquid water , perhaps as much as 50 km deep, kept liquid by tidally generated heat. ...

Ganymede . ... Ganymede Statistics . ... Hubble Finds Ozone on Jupiter's Moon Ganymede . ... Like Callisto , Ganymede is most likely composed of a rocky core with a water/ice mantle and a crust of rock and ice. ... Ganymede's mantle is most likely composed of ice and silicates, and its crust is probably a thick layer of water ice. ... Ganymede's surface is rich in water ice and Voyager and Galileo images show features which are evidence of geological and tectonic disruption of the surface in the past. ...

Giant Jupiter. Jupiter . ... Jupiter has no solid surface that is why speaking about its dimensious point the radius of the upper border line of the clouds, where the presseru is about 10 KPa; radius of Jupiter on the equator is 71400 km. ... The Jupiter satellites. ... Nowadays 16 satellites of the Jupiter are known: Adrastea, Mitis, Amaltea , Phina,then 4 Galilei satellites: Io , Europe , Hanimed , Callisto , Leda, Aimalia, Zicitea, Elara, Ananke, Carme, Pasipe and Sinope. ... Jupiter's ring. ...

... In summer 1994, the biggest news in astronomy was the collision of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter. During this school year, Jupiter will charge back into the limelight with the arrival of the Galileo spacecraft (see figure 8 ). On Dec. 7, following a tortuous six-year ramble through the solar system, Galileo will begin its two-year mission studying Jupiter and its gaggle of moons. ... Besides the camera, Galileo will carry instruments capable of identifying minerals on Jupiter's moons. ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Bad Astro Store . ... Site Info . ... It is from from Voyager 1 and shows a whopping big impact crater dominating the profile of the moon. Note that Mimas is about 400 kilometers across (about 250 miles). ... The wall around the crater is 5 kilometers high, and that central peak rises 6 kilometers above the surface (many impact craters have a large central peak which is caused by a pressure rebound from the impact). ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

... Saturn's Cleanest Moon: Enceladus . ... 25.11.1995 . ... Credit: NASA , JPL , Voyager 2 Explanation: Enceladus orbits Saturn between the smaller Mimas and the larger Tethys . Enceladus is composed mostly of water ice and has the cleanest and purest ice surface in the Solar System . ... The surface also has many unusual groves and relatively few craters, like Jupiter 's moon Ganymede . ... November 1995 . ... 2007 . ... Publications with keywords: Saturn . Publications with words: Saturn . ...

NATIONAL ASTRONOMY AND IONOSPHERE CENTER . ... Astronomy . ... Visitor Center . ... Planetary Radar . ... A program of delay-Doppler mapping of the Galillean satellites is underway by L. Harcke and colleagues at Stanford University. The surfaces of Europa, Ganymede and Callisto have been imaged in order to determine the surface properties and look for different radar properties of the various terrain types. These maps will be correlated with the Galileo images of the satellites.€а . ...

... Moon . ... What can astronomers tell us about the different colors on the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa? ... We can use the colors of Europa s surface to tell us about the chemical compounds that make up the surface and subsurface of the jovian moon. Even before the first spacecraft made a close visit to Europa, astronomers on Earth used telescopes to study the moon and were able to use a technique called spectroscopy to determine that Europa s surface is composed mostly of water ice. ...

... These other worlds are the moons of our Solar System , of which there are approximately 170 in orbit around our planets.Some of these moons are very interesting, and have diverse and unique features, very different to our barren, heavily cratered Moon .Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system has the most moons of any planet with known 64 moons in orbit.The four ... Ganymede, the largest moon in the Solar System thought to have oceans located underneath its icy surface.( ...

... Low Polar Orbit . ... Different types of satellite orbits have different uses: while the synchronous orbit is best for communication satellites, Lagrangian point orbits help monitor the solar wind before it reaches Earth. ... Many spacecraft use such orbits, e.g. the US Air Force surveillance satellites of the DMSP series, or the series of French Earth-resources spacecraft SPOT . ... If the satellite then starts near a noon-midnight orbit, it will always pass near noon and near midnight. ...

Microsymposium 34, MS058, 2001 ANOMALIES OF THE MOON'S THERMAL EMISSION IN THE IR SPECTRAL RANGE (10.5 - 12.5 micron). ... Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, Moscow, 119899, Russia, pugach@sai.msu.ru Summary: New satellite measurements of the lunar-surface radiation temperature were used to construct the spatial angular function of thermal radiation of the Moon in the infrared (10.5-12.5 micron) spectral range. ... These thermal anomalies are observed only in the limited range of phase angles. ...

... Chapter 4: Solar System Targets > 4.2 Target Identification . ... The following information is required to identify and classify each target. ... For example, separate targets should be defined if you plan to take spectra of several different surface features on a planet, or if you plan to observe the same feature with different timing constraints. ... Description . PLANET . If the target is the center of a planet, enter PLANET followed by its name (e.g., PLANET JUPITER , PLANET SATURN ). ...

FAMILIES AND SCATTERING . ... An important observation on the orbital distribution of irregular satellites is that satellite families at Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are not well defined. At Jupiter one finds 3-4 reasonably compact retrograde families, corresponding to each of the previously known retrograde irregulars and one prograde family. ... That is contrary to the current doctrine that very little has happened to these irregular satellite families following their collisional formation. ...

... The plug-plates of SDSS project are responsible for locating the optical-fiber plugs spatially and for defining the plug tilt with respect to the surface of best focus. ... Previous attempts to match the SDSS plug-plates to the surface of best focus were conducted using only the bending fixture. The analyses performed indicated that by adding a central constraint to the plug-plate deformation process, the plates could be made to match the surface of best focus within an acceptable range of error. ...

Электронная библиотека астронома-любителя. ... архив RSN . ... Ru.Space.News: . Март 1998 . ... Дата: 03 марта 1998 (1998-03-03) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: Detailed Images From Europa Point To Slush Below Surface Привет всем! ... Recently transmitted from the Galileo spacecraft, the images provide three key pieces of evidence supporting the idea that water may lurk beneath Europa's surface. ... Europa's blindingly bright ice surface makes it one of the brightest objects in our solar system. ...

Next: A Universal Diagram for Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: The Corotation Radius . The interaction of a magnetic rotator with the surrounding plasma to a large extent depends on the relation between the four characteristic radii: the stopping radius, , the gravitational capture radius,   , the light cylinder radius,   , and the corotation radius,   . ... Hence, the classification of the interaction regimes may well mean the classification of magnetic rotators. ...

... Fortranљ66 . ... Fixed form . ... Whole Fortranљ66 . ... Continuation line indicated in column 6 . ... Blank line as comment . ... Extension in Unix .f .f .f .f90 .f .f90 . Extension in DOS .FOR .FOR .FOR .F90 .FOR .F90 . ... This applies to both fixed form and free form source code. ... Fixed form of the source code is discouraged in Fortran 95! ... In UNIX there is no concept called extension, and the extensions are not specified in the Fortran standard, but in informal manufacturer standards. ...

Extended ephemerides of NEAs and some unusual minor planets listed in the Table on p. 5731 (Jupiter-crossers, Jupiter-approachers, some unusual Mars-crossers) are presented on p. 23099 – 23489. At the end of the Table special index is placed which indicates page numbers where the ephemerides of different planets are given. ...

Журнал ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ публикует оригинальные статьи и обзоры по наиболее актуальным проблемам изучения поверхностных явлений. ... Редакция журнала 'Поверхность. ... Англоязычная версия журнала Journal of Surface Investigation . X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques выходит 6 раз в год . The Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques ( Poverkhnost '. ... X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques is abstracted and/or indexed in (Impact Factor 0.359): . ...