... 2003 December 17 . A Proton Aurora . Credit: IMAGE Satellite , NASA . ... Triggered by solar activity, normal auroras are caused by collisions between fast-moving electrons and the oxygen and nitrogen in Earth's upper atmosphere. ... Such a proton aurora is seen above, recorded by the IMAGE satellite . ... Most solar wind protons never reach the Earth to cause auroras because they are completely deflected away at a great distance by the Earth's magnetic field . ... About APOD | ...

... Credit: Solar Optical Telescope, Hinode Satellite , JAXA Explanation: Plumes of hot gas shoot across the surface on even an average day on the Sun. ... Near the horizon, active regions around a sunspot eject hot plasma along the magnetic field lines that connect the sunspot to surrounding regions in the solar atmosphere . ... The above movie in representative color covers a solar region of 8,000 kilometers. ... Publications with keywords: Sun - flare . ... An X Class Flare Region on the Sun . ...

... Sun images . ... Sun flares . ... Active areas . December : 2015 . ... The following regions with sunspots can be now observed on the Sun's surface . Group number . ... Group length (in degrees) . ... Coordinates and other characteristics of active regions are issued for December 09, 2015 00:31 UT The following H-alpha plages without spots can be currently observed on the Sun's surface . ... Coordinates and other characteristics of active regions are issued for December 09, 2015 00:31 UT . ...

... December 27, 1999 . Solar Moss . Credit: TRACE Project , NASA . ... The false-color TRACE image above was recorded in extreme ultraviolet light on October 18. It shows the solar moss associated with hot magnetic plasma loops arching above one of the Sun's active regions . ... Solar moss isn't found growing only on the Sun's north side, but as a rule seems to lie above the photosphere or visible surface, in the transition region of the solar atmosphere. ... About APOD > . ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... Brief History of Rocket and Space Technology . ... ISS Russian Segment . ... Missions Archive . ... News . ... The training sessions under the crew training program for the next Increment of the International Space Station were held at S.P. Korolev Rocket Space Corporation Energia. ... Contribution of RSC Energia to the Russian Rocket-Space Technology . ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

Statistics of sunspot activity . The sunspot indices . ... NGDC's observations . The solar regions . ... Average annual indices . ... December . ... December, 2013 . Visual indices of solar activity by National Geophysical Data Center . ... Average . ...

I-GALFA View of a Galactic Tangent Region . ... Image featured in NAIC Newsletter #46 . I-GALFA image of hydrogen gas in a tangent region outside the Sagittarius arm. ... Because we are viewing this gas in a direction closely aligned with (tangent to) its orbital motion, it appears to be moving away from us (we are orbiting the Galactic center with a similar speed, but our own motion in a different direction). ... The gas near 60 degrees longitude is being viewed tangent to its orbital motion. ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

Four spacecraft: INTERBALL Tail probe (IB_TAIL), MAGION 5 (IB_MAG5), POLAR(NASA/ISAS), GEOTAIL (NASA) are considered. ... Orbital ASCII files | ... four spacecraft . ... INTERBALL . ... ASCII files . ... NASA) . ... NASA, ISAS) . ... The four spacecraft . ... INTERBALL mission | ...