Next: Error Determination Up: *qpspec* - Extraction of Previous: Spectral Extraction of Extended . Charged particles can be removed from the source and background spectra using the master veto (MV) rate. ... For example, if MV rate = 100, the following command will remove the charged particles in the background and source spectra before determining the net spectrum. xs > qpspec vign_corr=yes avg_mvr=100 . ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

... HST Overview . ... The FOC suffers from various types of background, the most important of which are thermal electrons, Cerenkov radiation from high energy particles, geocoronal emission lines, zodiacal light, and light scattered within HST from the bright Earth or Moon. ... From on-orbit measurements using the f /96 camera, the former background has been found to vary with solar zenith distance (ZD); see Sections 6.4, 6.5, and 7.0 of the FOC Instrument Handbook , version 7.0, for more details. ...

For solar wind dials without any explanatory text, see this page . ... There are three logs, one for each condition index ( K P , Solar Wind ,and NOAA/SEC .) ... More about the solar wind's recent behavior can be found on my Current Solar Wind Conditions page. ... Other items of interest include NOAA/SEC Current Conditions , my composite current Auroral Images page, Windows on the Universe: Space Weather , and Public Outreach Index, Department of Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice University . ...

Next: Background Definition Up: Echelle Spectra Previous: Order Definition . ... Their removal is a rather delicate step, because in high-contrast images (such as well-exposed echelle spectra) there is always a danger of damaging the scientific contents of the frame. Particle hits can be removed from scientific exposures by splitting the exposure and comparing spectra of the same target obtained under the same instrumental configuration. ... Note that the background has been subtracted already. ...

Next: Particle Background Rejection Up: Detection Efficiency Previous: Front Illumination . ... The method requires that the CCD substrate be etched from the rear towards the depletion layer boundary. The device can be illuminated through this rear surface, which has a much thinner dead layer than the electrode side. ... The corresponding detection efficiency data are presented in Figure 7, and compared with the predicted data for a 20 m thick depletion layer. ...

... Such particles are called ``optically soft'', and the corresponding approximation could be named that of optically soft particles. ... For the theory based on the assumption (1), there are a set of the names: Rayleigh-Gans [ 11 ], Rayleigh-Debye [ 274 , 397 ], Rayleigh-Gans-Born [ 474 ], Rayleigh-Gans-Debye [ 78 , 144 , 409 , 410 ], Rayleigh-Gans-Rokard [ 132 ], Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) [ 100 , 462 ], Born (or the first Born) [ 56 , 135 ] approximation. ...

Just beyond the main asteroid belt there exists a population of small objects orbiting the Sun at the same heliocentric distance of Jupiter. The combined action of Jovian and Solar gravity creates a stable dynamical haven for these objects near the so-called Lagrangian equilibrium points, in honour to the French mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange who first demonstrated their existence and stability. ... Soon after its discovery it was realized that this asteroid is, in fact, a Mars Trojan. ...

... I would several points which we faced during our everysolved for better quality of individual ACs' and EOP products · There are two main EOP products provided by two IERS Product Centers on Earth Orientation (Earth Orientation Center (EOC) and Rapid Service/ Prediction Center (RSPC)). ... However, the latter is not provided by the IERS. ... ITRF · Using ITRF in computation of EOP series produced by various ACs seems to be a necessary condition to provide the consistency between the IERS products. ...

Decadal Review ASA , Brisbane 2004 Background NCA has responsibility `Sponsor' is yet to be determined , but we are talking to the ARC and Academy of Science Terms of reference still to be determined A source of funding has not yet been determined ; however a float may be forthcoming for the initial work ( ASA ) New NCA Chair: Brian Boyle Matthew Bailes *Matthew Colless Warrick Couch *Mike Dopita Anne Green Andrew Melatos Penny Sackett * Members ...

REDSHIFT DETERMINATION OF GALAXIES IN TWO- COMPONENT EXPANDING MODEL OF UNIVERSE T.S. Kozhanov et al. ... This equation is found for mass and massless particles on the background of mixed model of the Universe (dust+radiation) at di erent values of space curvature (k = 1; 0). ... The asymptotic equations of the scale factor at di erent values of the ratio of baryons matter density to the radiation density for plane, open and close cosmological models is obtained. ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

... LOGIC OF THE MASTER SIGNAL . ... SELECTION OF EVENTS BASED ON THE DRIFT CHAMBERS DATA . ... CYGAM, unlike the traditional telescopes, does not have a special energy detector and can not measure energy of each registered photon. ... The physical processes responsible for the high energy gamma-ray emission can not result in narrow lines or sharp irregularities in the energy spectra of compact sources for revelation of which good energy resolution is needed. ... CYGAM (PDF, 450 Kb) . ...

... A Dangerous Sunrise on Gliese 876d . ... On planet Gliese 876d, sunrises might be dangerous. ... Last Sunday's bright fireball meteor falling through skies over California and Nevada produced sonic booms over a broad area around 7:21 am. ... Jupiter and the Moons of Earth . ... In 2010, ESA's robotic Rosetta spacecraft zipped past the asteroid 21 Lutetia taking data and snapping images in an effort to better determine the history of the asteroid and the origin of its unusual colors. ... 2009 2010 . ...

... Gomez, J. C., Athanassoula, L., Fuentes, O., & Bosma, A. 2003, in ASP Conf. ... In this work we present Evolution Strategies (ES) as an efficient method to approximate the initial conditions of the main interacting group of three galaxies in M81. ... In this first attempt we use non-self-gravitating simulations to approximate the initial conditions; even with that restriction our method reproduces the density distribution of the three galaxies with great precision. ...

Disastrous earthquakes happen 100 to 200 times a year. ... There is a chance that the data of ionospheric plasma observations hold an answer to the latter question. Satellites and ground-based facilities may detect earthquake precursors in the ionosphere a few hours or days before the main shock. ... ULF "Hz"-oscillations have been recorded several hours before the main shock in a narrow magnetic field tube (40...100 km along the satellite trajectory) conjugated with epicenter of the earthquake. ...

To order one of the possible additional functions use list box at the top left of the Select elements dialog box. ... On each element El in this column one can impose selection conditions of the types . ... El >= B AND El <= C. If B > C, then selection will contain all minor planets with element El complying with disjunction of conditions: . ... If conditions are imposed on several elements, then selection contains only those minor planets, which satisfy all requirements. ...

... This is possible at modest cost due to the low moments of inertia of the telescope and enclosure. ... This same performance will be achieved in higher winds when the telescope enclosure is facing away from the wind, or by using wind screens. ... The telescope system (MILT) will be remotely operable with an on-site operator's assistance by an astronomer located at one of the ARC member institutions. ... Mean Wind Speed . ... Offsets > 10 deg: 1 arc sec rms max . ... 5 sec max, tracking to tracking . ...

This layer is defined with a <LAYER> tag. You see that the background image is applied to the rectangular region occupied by the layer. The height of the filled-in area is determined by the height value. ... The style definition sets the background-image property. The height of the filled-in area is determined by the actual content. ... The style definition also includes a value for border-width and border color. ... The style definition includes a value for layer-background-image. ...

... Directives | ... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 . Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.4 > Rewrite . ... This document discusses some of the technical details of mod_rewrite and URL matching. ... Then the URL rewriting engine is started with the contained ruleset (one or more rules together with their conditions). ... If the Pattern matches, mod_rewrite looks for corresponding rule conditions (RewriteCond directives, appearing immediately above the RewriteRule in the configuration). ...