A full explanation of the motion of trapped particles would be too abstract and mathematical for this level, but some basic ideas may be described on an intuitive level. The magnetic force on a moving particle is always perpendicular to the motion, as well as to the magnetic field lines. That is why the basic pattern is motion in a circle, around a magnetic field line. ... The best-known periodic motion is the back-and-forth swing of a pendulum, say of a weight suspended by a string (drawing). ...

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• Magnetospheric electric fields (Oulu)
• Trapped Radiation -- History
• Drift mechanisms [Oulu]

... 8, `` Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Two trends in the development of numerical algorithms of celestial mechanics T. V. Bordovitsyna, V. A. Avdushev, A. M. Chernitsov Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk, Russia The motion of a material particle with the mass m in the gravitational field of the central body with the mass M under the action of conservative forces F i with the potential function V i and non--conservative forces P in a ...

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• http://www.ipa.nw.ru/conference/2002/sovet/abstact/BORDOVIT.TEX.txt

... Magnetic trapping . ... 10a. Particle Drift . ... The magnetic force on a moving particle is always perpendicular to the motion, as well as to the magnetic field lines. ... Similarly with the charged particle, the magnetic and centrifugal forces are always balanced. ... Because no energy is needed to keep up the motion, it can (in principle) persist indefinitely. ... Out in space, it usually takes electric forces, not just magnetic ones, to change the total speed and energy of the particles. ...

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• Motion in a Circle
• Trapped Radiation -- History
• The Motion of Magnetically Trapped Particles -- History

. Pulkovo Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences is situated . near Saint-Petersburg. It was founded in 1839. 196140, Saint-Petersburg, Pulkovskoye chaussee 65/1 . English version . Russian version . This page has been accessed times since May 1, 1999.

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• Astronomical events

Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XII ASP Conference Series, Vol. ... The testbed runs under Linux and provides a web interface to selected backend NEMO modeling and analysis tools, and several integration methods which can optionally use an MD-GRAPE2 supercomputer card in the server to accelerate calculation of particle-particle forces. ... Recommendations are made for testbed enhancements. ... NEMO programs provide commonly used data models and analysis functions. ...

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• ADASS 2002 Conference Proceedings
• An Integrated Procedure for Tree N-body Simulations: FLY and AstroMD

... The SDSS 2.5-m primary mirror is supported in a manner similar to the Apache Point Observatory 3.5-m telescope primary. ... The axial support is provided by 48 air pistons. The pistons have the same diameter thereby applying equal forces with the same air pressure. ... Each group supports a 120њ sector of the mirror. ... Figure 1: CAD drawing showing the 2.5-m primary mirror and the locations of actuators (green circles) These actuators apply forces (10*cos2 N) to correct astigmatism. ...

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• Appendix B
• Astigmatism I
• Deforming Plug-plates

... part 2 | ... Part 1 . The new concept of formation and development of the Solar system. ... Thus, the initial pulse of the rotation of a protosolar cloud of the solar system was determined as a result of the diversion of a part of the moment of the rotational pulse of the Galaxy. ... Besides this new approach to the pre-solar system as a system of the destroyed vortex structure, we can understand now a number of other peculiarities of the Solar system's structure. ...

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Bigbang Forum Message . Forums: . ... Post . ... Weak Force . ... Post Message | ... It seems that the weak force acts to create neutrinos using the time potential between the central time origin and the strong force origin. ... They might come off in constructs of two or four from the weak force origin. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

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• Gravity Is The Weakest Force Of All - an Astronomy Net Blackholes Forum Message
• Might Be No Real Forces - an Astronomy Net Bigbang Forum Message
• Vacuum Energy Mediated By Supersymmetry - an Astronomy Net Bigbang Forum...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Every few months, one of a series of questions comes up on the USENET group sci.astro involving tides, or the rotation of the Moon, or the recession of the Moon from the Earth. ... Why the Moon's rotation period is the same as the length of time it takes to orbit the Earth (same as number 1, but phrased differently). ... But when this happens, the time it takes for the Earth to rotate once will be slowed to exactly the same time it takes for the Moon to go around the Earth once! ...

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• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions: Astrology

Program: ROTMOD Purpose: This program calculates the rotation curve for a truncated exponential disk (Casertano, M.N.R.A.S., vol. 203, p735-p747, 1983), or for any other user supplied density law. ... USER= DISK radial surface density distribution supplied by the user [Y], or a truncated exponential surface density distribution. In case the user wants to supply his own density distribution, the following two keywords will be asked: UNITS= Enter units of radius and surface density [KPC,MSUN/PC**2]. ...

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• http://www.atnf.csiro.au/whats_on/workshops/comp2005/talks/hurley.pdf
• YSO Jets
• Initial ``fixes'' to millimetre data

Every body is held together by two forces, its self-gravitation and its internal strength due to molecular bonding. ... A few of these cases have been obviously attributable to the tidal forces of Jupiter (Comet Brooks 2 and Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9) or the Sun (the Kreutz comet family), while other splittings have to be attributed to less obvious causes. ... They always approach the Sun to within 3 million kilometers (1.9 million miles) or less, and some have actually hit the Sun. ...

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• Hubble Observations Shed New Light on Jupiter Collision
• rho-Oph BD disks (Abstract)

... A Particle Beam Jet forms HH 24 . ... Credit Copyright: Hubble Legacy Archive , NASA , ESA - Processing: Judy Schmidt Explanation: If you visit HH 24, don't go near the particle beam jet. ... The above image was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in infrared light in order to better understand turbulent star forming regions known as Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). Frequently when a star forms, a disk of dust and gas circles the YSO causing a powerful central jets to appear. ...

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• XWare > APOD

... Fitting the observed dependence includes calculations of the polarization cross-sections averaged over particles orientation and size distribution, their normalization and the comparison of obtained dependencies with Serkowski's curve representing observational data for a chosen star. ... Variations of the polarization factors with wavelength are shown in Fig. 16 for homogeneous spheroidal particles with PF orientation. ... The distinction between prolate and oblate spheroids is also clearly seen. ...

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• The 2175? feature
• Wavelength dependence
• Optical constant database - Level: data

... In 2006 the Earth encounters the Leonid trail created at the 1932 return of Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. The following estimate by McNaught and Asher is for the meteor outburst that will result from this trail encounter. ... What follows was written before the 2002 Leonids. ... Time (GMT) Trail Estimated Estimated Moon Visible from ZHR FWHM age 2002 Nov 19, 03:56 7-rev 1,000 130 min 15 W. Africa, W. Europe, NE Canada, NE S. America 2002 Nov 19, 10:34 4-rev 6,000 71 min 15 N. America . ...

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• Chromospheric Modelling
• M.E. Bailey, Director

... We investigate the hydrodynamic stability of a relativistic flow of magnetized plasma in the simplest case where the energy density of the electromagnetic fields is much greater than the energy density of the matter (including the rest mass energy). ... Numerical calculations show that in the force-free approximation, the electron-positron jet with uniform poloidal magnetic field is stable for all velocities of longitudinal motion and rotation. ... The toroidal magnetic field is . ...

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• A Calculation of derivatives
• Relic radiolines of hydrogen at decimeter and meter wavelength band
• B Bayesian value for

... Sources of the quantum theory. ... Wave function and their physical interpretation. Schroedinger equation as a constraint on the physical state. Feynman's formulation of the quantum mechanics (path integration) and classical limit. Quantum mechanics postulates. States and observables, measurable physical values. ... State vector. ... Amplitude and crossection of scattering. ... M.: Nauka, 1974. ... Iroshnikov G.S. Path integral and coherent states in quantum mechanics and field theory. ...

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• ANR OTARIE project: transport optimization and applications

... The picture shows a 2-dimensional sketch of the outflowing wind of a quasar (Elvis 2000, Astrophysical Journal , vol.545, p.63-76). In the funnel-shaped disk wind Elvis (2000) model a wind arises from a restricted range of radii on the accretion disk around the central black hole. Initially the wind makes a large angle to the disk plane (and so is roughly cylindrical). ... Looking through the quasi-cylindrical part of the wind we see UV and X-ray warm absorbers. ...

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• The AstroStat Slog chi-square minimization
• Eclipse Lightcurves for the Hydrostatic Model
• The AstroStat Slog LHC

Evidence collected from ice crystals gathered during halo displays suggests that a typical halo-producing crystal has a size of 0.1mm or so. ... Crystals much larger than a few tenths of a mm are optically well-capable of halo production but there is the question of how these larger, heavier crystals fall through the air and whether they can attain the stable orientations needed to make some of the more spectacular halo arcs. ... R_e . ... Caption: the flow of air past a plate crystal. ...

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• Mario van den Ancker
• Spiral shocks
• dfosCron

National Aeronautics and Space Administration . ... JOHN E. BLAHA (COLONEL, USAF, RET.) NASA ASTRONAUT (FORMER) . ... EDUCATION: Graduated from Granby High School in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1960; received a bachelor of science in engineering science from the United States Air Force Academy in 1965 and a master of science in astronautical engineering from Purdue University in 1966. ... NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut in May 1980, Blaha has logged 161 days in space on 5 space missions. ...

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• Astronaut Bio: Frank Borman
• Astronaut Bio: Eileen Collins (5/2006)
• Astronaut Bio: James M. Kelly (07/2014)

... Masses are put in random positions within a sphere originally. ... RA (in radians) # Dec (in radians) ra = 2.0*math.pi* random () dec = math.acos(2.0* random ()- 1.0 )-0.5*math.pi return ra,dec def ranvec(): # Generates a randomly orientated unit vector. theta, phi = randomdirection() z = math.sin(phi) x = math.cos(phi)*math.sin(theta) y = math.cos(phi)*math.cos(theta) vec = numpy.array([x,y,z]) return vec # Stars interacting gravitationally # Program uses numpy arrays for high speed computations ...

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• Survey cupboards forced open. This is what the glass plates of the ESO surveys
• Lecture 9: Iteration and Contact Forces
• PHYS1101 2011 WebCasts