These lesson introduces you to the use of uncertainties. ... It introduces probability distribution functions, the Gaussian Distribution, hypothesis testing and model fitting. This lesson introduces you to the different types of uncertainty, and how you can estimate them from the scatter in your measurements, or from knowledge of your experimental set-up. ... It also covers averaging and how that affects uncertainties. Back Main Lab-Skills Page . ...

Weaving together Astronomy+Statistics+Computer Science+Engineering+Intrumentation, far beyond the growing borders . ... Posts tagged ?Frequentist? ... Continue reading ?[ ... Tags: Bayesian , Frequentist , Ping Zhao , question for statisticians , weighted mean . Category: Bad AstroStat , Fitting , Frequentist , Stat , Uncertainty | 18 Comments . ... Category: arXiv , Quotes | Comment . ... Category: arXiv | ... Category: Bayesian , Fitting , Frequentist , Jargon , Stat , Uncertainty | ...

... Turn off the expansion of variables, the significance of mathematical operators such as / or : , and the recognition of keywords. For example, after DEFINE rhl Patricia , /data/$rhl would be interpreted as four tokens ( / , data , / , and Patricia ), while "/data/$rhl" is only one ( /data/$rhl ). ... In fact, braces even turn off the expansion of $!var , to expand a variable within braces you need to say $!!var but you only very seldom need this. ... Hello')" World> . ...

This group of four pages describes how the Arecibo 430 MHz radar makes simple measurements in the ionosphere. ... Radar Reflections From the Ionosphere . ... Or How are radio and TV stations like radars?) ... Consider two radio stations located on a mountain transmitting to a nearby city. ... A radar is like a radio station, but it has a receiver that picks up radio waves reflected from objects (targets). ... Although a radio station transmits continously, a radar can transmit short bursts of waves. ...

ENERGETIC PARTICLE EXPERIMENT DOK-2 . ... Due to much higher energy, angular and time resolution, better separation of electrons and ions it is expected that DOK-2 experiment will allow to re-examine in more details energetic particle population and related processes in magnetosphere regions covered by the spacecraft orbit. ... Thin foil in front of detector absorbes protons with energies E<400 keV so this detector measures electron spectrum in 20 - 420 keV range. ... Energy values, keV . ...

... More on 51 Peg: . The discovery of a Jupiter--mass planet in orbit around the solar--type star 51Peg has been reported by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz (Geneva Observatory) on October 6th at the 9th Cambridge workshop on "cool stars, stellar systems, and the sun" held at Florence (Italy). ... Recall that the measurements of radial velocity only yield v sin i which in turn gives us M sin i. For most values of i, sin i will be greater than 0.5 and this gives a mass estimate of 0.5 Jupiter masses. ...

Atmospheric influence on the different radio-engineering system functioning . ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REMOTELY SANSED IMAGE CORRECTION . ... Direct transmittance estimation results for 12 channels of the spectrometer CHRIS. ... We have managed to develop a direct method of estimating the discrete Normalized Atmospheric Point Spread Function (NAPSF) from available images alone, not using any external sources of information about the atmosphere. ... IRE RAS 1996-20 11 ...

We critique the method of constructing extinction curves of lensing galaxies, using multiply imaged QSOs. If one of the two QSO images is lightly reddened, or if the dust along both sight lines has the same properties, then the method works well and produces an extinction curve for the lensing galaxy. ... Instead, it is a measurement of the difference between two extinction curves. ... The resulting lens difference curve is not an average of the dust along the two sight lines. ...

The database contains references to the papers, data files and links to the Internet resources related to measurements and calculations of the optical constants in the wavelength interval from X-rays to radio domain. ... References to some useful books and reviews on the subject (e.g. the classical handbooks edited by E.D.Palik) and links to Internet collections of optical constants and personal WWW pages with related software were also placed in the database. You have arrived at our welcome page. ...

Permitted Context: %Body.Content, %flow, %block . ... The BQ element is used for extended quotations. ... CLASS . ... The CLASS attribute is most commonly used to attach a different style to some element, but it is recommended that where practical class names should be picked on the basis of the element's semantics, as this will permit other uses, such as restricting search through documents by matching on element class names. ... The CLEAR attribute allows you to move down unconditionally: . ...

... Thomson's multiple window method of spectral estimationthomson provides a very good estimate of the power spectrum by measuring the energy contained within a collection of rectangular shaped frequency intervals. ... Often, much of the fine structure of a spectral estimate is due to noise. It should be stressed that while other methods of spectral estimation (such as the Welchoppenheim method) exist, the Thomson method is particularly noteworthy for its precisely defined rectangular frequency bins. ...

... If the measuring aperture varies, a varying amount of starlight will be excluded. Furthermore, the excluded fraction is wavelength-dependent; so the transformation from instrumental to standard system changes. ... Unfortunately, sometimes it is necessary to combine measurements made with different field stops. Observers should realize that this really means different instruments; the differences are usually several per cent. ... Usually, the actual aperture sizes are only approximately known. ...

Estimations of dome seeng by results of optics quality tests with Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor. ... Measurements on AZT-22 Telescope diameter: 1000 mm F/7.7 Effective subaperture: 37.5 mm Exposure time: 100 ms Time between exposures: 5 s Individual image with tilts in X direction AZT-22 tower The spatial spectrum evolution (top) and wind direction in measurements processes . AZT-22. ... ZTSH dome Zeiss-1000 dome The spatial spectrum evolution (up) end wind direction through time. ...

... According to the most popular cosmological paradigm, the greater part of the galaxy mass is accumulated in the dark matter halo. ... The polar ring galaxies (PRGs) reveal external rings or disks of gas, dust and stars rotating in a plane roughly perpendicular to the disk of the central galaxy. ... The shape of the dark halo in the model was chosen so as to achieve the best fit to the observed rotation of both galaxies themselves and their polar rings. ... The SPRC-7 galaxy. ...

The study of energetic particles acceleration and transport within the magnetosphere and on its boundaries is the main goal of DOK-2 experiment on Auroral Probe in a frame of INTERBALL project. ... DOK-2 uses two pairs of energetic particle telescopes . ... This information is available only during the most informative Real Time mode of DOK-2. ... Full 56-57 channel spectra accumulated during time intervals from 10 s to 1464 s depending on a particle intensity. ... For this time interval: . ...

An Ancient Universe: How Astronomers Know the Vast Scale of Cosmic Time . ... Astronomers can also determine the speed a galaxy is moving by breaking up its light into its component colors, rainbow-fashion. ... This pattern is now called "the expanding universe", since the entire universe of galaxies seems to be moving away. ... The Ancient Universe - The Age of the Expanding Universe - The Age of the Oldest Stars - The Age of Light From Distant Galaxies - The Age of the Chemical Elements | ...

... 2000 October 19 . The Farthest Explosion Yet Measured . ... What is known is that satellites across our Solar System reported on 2000 January 31 a tremendous explosion of gamma rays had occurred towards some previously uninteresting direction. ... The VLT not only recorded an optical counterpart , shown above , but also was able to estimate that the cosmologically-induced redshift was an astonishing 4.5 -- placing GRB000131 farther across the universe than any explosion so measured. ...

XMM­Newton CCF Release Note XMM­CCF­REL­55 OM Astrometry R. Much December 11, 2000 1 CCF components Name of CCF VALDATE List of Blocks changed CAL VERSION XSCS flag OM ASTROMET 0008 2000­01­01T00:00:00 FILTER­U Yes FILTER­B Yes FILTER­UVW1 Yes FILTER­UVW2 Yes FILTER­UVM2 Yes FILTER­WHITE Yes FILTER­MAGNI Yes FILTER­GRISM1 Yes FILTER­GRISM2 Yes POLYNOM MAP No 2 Changes Compared to the previous version the distortion maps of the U­, B­ and the three UV­filters have been updated. ... UVW2­positions). ...

... In order to disentangle the effects of different climate variables on tree-ring growth rates of different species, and to explore the possibility that more than one species could improve the accuracy of the reconstructions of climate using tree rings, a methodical study of trees in close proximity to the Armagh Observatory climate station was initiated together with Ana Maria Garc?a Su?rez, and continued as part of the latter's PhD thesis with John Butler and Professor Mike Baillie (QUB). ...

... Research . Projects . ... The name of the project APEX is a reduction from words " Active Plasma Experiments " . The core of the project are active experiments with injection of electron and (or) plasma beams from a board of the satellite with simultaneous registration of the phenomena, produced by interaction of injected beam with background plasma. ... Active experiments utilise modulated electron beam accelerator and source of modulated xenon plasma beam on the main spacecraft APEX. ...