... Luminosity (L) · · · · A source's luminosity is the power that it emits in radiation. ... NB Astronomers often say `flux' when they mean `flux density' · SI units are Wm-2Hz -1 -26 filter · Also used are Jy 10 Wm-2Hz -1 E= РРРF d dA dt Specific Intensity, Surface Brightness (I) · Specific intensity (or surface brightness) is the power received (or emitted) per unit area per unit frequency per unit solid angle. ч F at surface of a spherical source = I · · Specific intensity is independent of distance...

You can also see this page in Russian with using KOI8 (X Windows) or CP1251 (MS Windows) Cyrillic coding. The Laboratory supports the space TV experiments, mainly in the planetary exploration missions. ... Image Co-registration . ... PHOBOS mission - Martian satellites investigations. Phobos on the Martian limb, the image from Phobos-2 probe from 02/28/89. ... Russian Space Bulletin. ... Last modified at June,26 1997 Alexey Kuzmin: akuzmin@mx.iki.rssi.ru . Back to IKI home page ...

... Stellar Evolution is driven entirely by the never ending battle between Pressure and Gravity . As imbalances are reached, the star is driven to find a new Energy source. ... Pressure and gravitational forces are equal, the star is stable and its core is sufficiently hot to fuse Hydrogen into Helium More about main sequence stars . ... The luminosity generated by the core fusion of Helium into Carbon is far greater than the shell luminosity associated with the fusion of Hydrogen into Helium. ...

. Next: References Up: Radiation processes and geometry Previous: Curvature radiation . љ . Very high brightness temperatures . Mechanism must be coherent . Bunches of particles both moving in the same direction and radiating in phase . Radiated power (number of electrons) . Jon Bell . Thu Dec 19 15:15:11 GMT 1996

ESTIMATIONS OF EFFECTIVE HEIGHT, SIZE AND BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE OF SOLAR CYCLOTRON SOURCES A.N. Korzhavin, T.I. Kaltman Special Astrophysical Observatory of RAS, Saint­Petersburg, Russia arles@mail.ru The modeling of microwave emission from a spot­associated cyclotron source was done to refine the method of estimations of e#ective brightness temperature, size and height above photosphere in the processing of RATAN­600 observations. ...

XMM-Newton Science Analysis System . omichain (omichain-1.51) [xmmsas_20080701_1801-8.0.0] . ... For ODFs with Engineering 2/4 data (ie images of dimension 1024x1024 and 2048x2048, respectively), the time taken to process the data may become considerable (in excess of one hour). If time is of importance to you, and you are only interested in the ``brighter sources'', a considerable reduction in processing time can be achieved by setting the parameter `` omdetectnsigma '' to 2.01. ...

The NAIC-NRAO School on Single-Dish Radio Astronomy Techniques and Applications -- July 2005 The Measurement Process with Fully-Filled Apertures Chris Salter (NAIC) Accuracy in Radio Astronomy · Pulsar Periods: 1 part in 1012 · HI Redshifts: For z 0.1, about 1 part in 104 · Source Intensities and Polarization Parameters: Typically ±10% 1 Basic Definitions A: Intensit y/Surface Brightness: B: Brightness Temperature : 2 C: Flux Densit y D: Distance Dependencies 3 The ...

... We study this mechanism throughout the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Aims: We aim to quantify the importance of the [C II] cooling line and the photoelectric heating process of various environments in the LMC and to investigate which parameters control the extent of photoelectric heating. ... We correlate the photoelectric heating efficiency and the emission from various dust constituents and study the variations as a function of HЮБ emission, dust temperatures, and the total infrared luminosity. ...

... Telescopes ћ Binoculars ћ Microscopes . Meade Ultra-High Transmission coatings (UHTC ) Group . ... Meade Standard Coatings: The optical surfaces of all Meade telescopes include high-grade optical coatings fully consistent in quality with the precision of the optical surfaces themselves. ... These specialized, and extremely advantageous, coatings are offered here as the Meade Ultra-High Transmission Coatings (UHTC) group, a coatings group available optionally on many Meade telescope models. ...

THE THERMAL RADIATION OF THE LUNAR SURFACE IN THE IR RANGE OF THE SPECTRUM (10-12 µm). ... 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 -0.20 -0.40 -0.60 -0.80 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 Fig.1 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 -0.20 -0.40 -0.60 -0.80 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 Fig.2 0.60 0.40 0.20 -0.00 -0.20 -0.40 -0.60 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 -0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 Fig.3 Indicatrix of the thermal radiation of the Moon (10.5-12.5 µ). ...

AGN dust model of 3CR sources Frank Heymann (PhD), Martin Haas, Endrik Krgel, Christian Leipski MIR imaging spectroscopy ISM dust model PAH SED of a clumpy AGN torus CenA (ESO) Crete 2010 vectorized Monte Carlo model Ralf Siebenmorgen 1) Ground based MIR imaging Nuclear activity in nearby galaxies Surface brightness AGN viz. starbursts Ralf Siebenmorgen 10m telescopes ... Ralf Siebenmorgen Crete 2010 PAH in a mono-energetic heating bath if | ... Crete 2010 ...

... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

Structure Formation : Bright side of the Universe Anatoly Klypin New Mexico State University Also: Stefan Gottloeber (Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam) Gustavo Yepes (UAM, Madrid) Cosmological ... -body+hydro simulations Codes: SPH + TREE AMR + shock capturing hydro Physical processes: Compton cooling/heating on CMB Radiative gas cooling Star formation with simple approximations Metal enrichment Energy/momentum feedback from young stars and SN Galaxies too concentrated. ...

... The TRACE images may be used without restrictions in publications of any kind. ... These two images, taken on 18 November 2000 at 15:54UT and 16:11UT, respectively, show such an event: the red circle in the image to the left shows a region where many loops are cooling, with bright loop tops (the intensity scales with the square root of the image to reduce the dynamic range). ... See also a collection of images related to the Sun, other cool stars, and solar-terrestrial effects . ... Images | ...

... The Galactic low-mass X-ray binary GS 2023+338 was discovered during the burst on May 22, 1989 with the Japanise satellite Ginga (aka Galaxy). The flux reached 17 crabs (this unit of flux measurement is an bright X-ray source, Crab Nebula) at 10-35 keV. ... No other radio telescope worldwide carried out multi-frequency measurements. ... Upon 14 days the radio flux fell below the detection level at the RATAN-600 in relation to the decrease of the X-ray flux. ...

... The defining location and structure of airglow needs tomographic processing of data of photometric measurements. ... Both observed function of column brightness and volume emission rate function of airglow may be expanded in a Fourier series. ... There are developed software and made numerical simulation for tomographic data processing. ... In this case airglow has gaussian profiles on both coordinates altitude and latitude. ... Total number of simulated observations is 320. Fig. ...

... Telescope concept . ... The Submillimetron Project is dedicated to astronomical studies at the submillimeter and far infrared wavelengths using a cryogenic telescope located on the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS). The Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is responsible for developing the Submillimetron Project. ... Currently, the Astro Space Center is carrying out a pre-Project study under contract with the Russian Space Agency. ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2014 November 19 . Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 . ... Explanation: One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth's sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81 . ... This superbly detailed view reveals M81's bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way . ...

... 26.08.2013 . ... Credit Copyright: Hubble Legacy Archive , ESA , NASA ; Processing: Delio Tolivia Cadrecha Explanation: It is one of the brightest planetary nebulae on the sky -- what should it be named? First discovered in 1878, nebula NGC 7027 can be seen toward the constellation of the Swan (Cygnus) with a standard backyard telescope . ... August 2013 . ... Publications with keywords: NGC 7027 - planetary nebula - HST . Publications with words: NGC 7027 - planetary nebula - HST . ...

... Satellite data ] . SMIS ] . The program is designed to process the specific AVHRR instrument data for calculation and analysis of temperature fields on the sea surface and upper level of clouds. It performs brightness correction for visible channels with regards to clouds altitude. ... The program features a wide variety of classification algorithms (including two-dimensional histogram analysis) and enables to construct personal procedures for classification. ... Back to SMIS Home Page . ...