. There are several different shells available for Unix; the most popular are described here. You can use any one of these shells if they are available on your system. And you can switch between the different shells once you have found out if they are available. Bourne shell (sh) . C shell (csh) . TC shell (tcsh) . Korn shell (ksh) . Bourne Again SHell (bash) .

... We now describe the input parameters to the self-calibration tasks. ... For selfcal , you need not perform source , dra , or ddec selection if you use the selradec option (see below). minants : The minimum number of antenna that must be present before the tasks will attempt to find a solution. ... and phase : This determines whether the self-calibration tasks solve for just phase ( options=phase , which is the default) or amplitude and phase solution ( options=amplitude ). mfs : . ...

... A detector map is used to provide a grid of positions over which to calculate and flux weight the ARF. The default detector map is 'flat' which has a weighting of 1.0 for each detector map pixel and is rectangular having sides which just encompass the region specified in the DSS. Only detector map pixels falling within the source region are included in the ARF calculation, e.g. for a circular source box, the pixels in the corners of the detector map will be ignored. ... flat : . ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2000 January 8 . Albert Einstein Describes Space and Time . Explanation: Albert Einstein (1879-1955) is considered by many the greatest astrophysicist and single most significant Person of the 20th Century . ... One reason Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics was to make the prize more prestigious. ... About APOD | ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Our Galaxy . ... Stars . ... Other Galaxies . ... Light of other eyes, other times: The X-rays and IR radiation making up the image have been travelling for a long time. ... The inspiration here came from a new ESA image of M31, the Andromeda Galaxy, composed from two very different images. ... Our nearest galactic neighbour, the Andromeda Galaxy?s brightness is caused by the hundreds of billions of stars that are contained within. ...

... sin f = y / r . cos f = x / r . ... They are now viewed as new definitions of the sine and cosine, for the polar angle f given by x and y ( a slightly different way of formulating this definition is described further below ). ... sin 2 f + cos 2 f = 1 . ... Angle . ... Many trigonometry texts define the sine and cosine slightly differently, using the so-called unit circle . ... Then the distance AB ("the sine line") equals sin a , and the distance OA ("the cosine line") equals cos a . ...

Modules | ... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 . Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 . ... This document describes what a Multi-Processing Module is and how they are used by the Apache HTTP Server. ... Choosing an MPM . MPM Defaults . The Apache HTTP Server is designed to be a powerful and flexible web server that can work on a very wide variety of platforms in a range of different environments. ... At the user level, MPMs appear much like other Apache modules. ... mpm_winnt . ...

... Image formation is typically described as a linear process. ... where, for 2-dimensional systems, the object coordinates are and the image coordinates are . Such a general description of a linear system is termed shift-variant, because the shape of , the impulse response (or point spread function, PSF), might change as the object position, , is shifted. ... Hence, the exit pupil geometry changes with field position, so the system response changes with field position (i.e., is shift-variant). ...

Next: Notes on Monte-Carlo Simulations Up: No Title Previous: E-P transitions for different . In this section, we describe what the Scenario Machine is and how it works. Monte-Carlo simulations љ of binary star evolution allows one to study the evolution of a large ensemble of binaries and to estimate numbers of binaries at different evolutionary stages simultaneously . ... Notes on Monte-Carlo Simulations . ... Principles of Scenario Machine Operation . ...

This group of four pages describes how the Arecibo 430 MHz radar makes simple measurements in the ionosphere. ... Radar Reflections From the Ionosphere . ... Or How are radio and TV stations like radars?) ... Consider two radio stations located on a mountain transmitting to a nearby city. ... A radar is like a radio station, but it has a receiver that picks up radio waves reflected from objects (targets). ... Although a radio station transmits continously, a radar can transmit short bursts of waves. ...

... every new catalog of objects has to be contained in the UNIX directory having the same name as the catalog of objects; . ... the programs for local operations (programs of low level) with the catalog of objects are also in the same directory; . brief characteristics and names of the programs and file with the description of the catalog are stored in the file cats_descr ; . ... All astronomical catalogs have a different format and list different observables. ...

... They have been used to describe the content of the 105 columns available in the different VizieR tables. ... We present different applications of UCDs: selection of catalogues, based on their content; identification of catalogues having similar fields; automated data conversion allowing direct comparison of data in cross-identifications. ... Metadata for the VO: The Case of UCDs 71 Figure 2. Example of statistics on the different column names and units used in all VizieR tables for one UCD. ...

... Clearing the library. Note the different flooтАж . Sidebar Left . Sidebar Top . ... Title: Clearing the library. Note the different floor levels. There were at least 4 different levels of underfloor in the library. Description: NOTE: All images and movies are copyright and must not be reproduced or mirrored in any form without written permission. ... NOTE: All images and movies are copyright and must not be reproduced or mirrored in any form without written permission. ...

Modules | ... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 . Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 . ... This document describes what a Multi-Processing Module is and how they are used by the Apache HTTP Server. ... Choosing an MPM . MPM Defaults . ... The Apache HTTP Server is designed to be a powerful and flexible web server that can work on a very wide variety of platforms in a range of different environments. ... At the user level, MPMs appear much like other Apache modules. ... mpm_winnt . ...

... The data below shows the most-popular words used in tweets about JWST@SXSW . ... However, I have not tried to combine different forms of the same word, so JWST and #JWST are counted separately (it is not surprising that JWST appears so much, since it is the search term used to find the tweets :-). Here we restrict ourselves to those tweets not flagged by Twitter as being a re-tweet. The top words are shown. Here we restrict ourselves to only those flagged by Twitter as being a re-tweet. ...

... In order to disentangle the effects of different climate variables on tree-ring growth rates of different species, and to explore the possibility that more than one species could improve the accuracy of the reconstructions of climate using tree rings, a methodical study of trees in close proximity to the Armagh Observatory climate station was initiated together with Ana Maria Garc?a Su?rez, and continued as part of the latter's PhD thesis with John Butler and Professor Mike Baillie (QUB). ...

Gamma-rays from the GC . M.Chernyakova (DIAS), D.Malyshev (DIAS), F.Aharonian (DIAS, MPIK), R.M.Crocker(MPIK), D.I.Jones(MPIK) 1 10°x10° Count and TS maps (>300 GeV) Gamma-rays from the GC 2 TS maps of the GC at different energies 300 MeV ­ 3GeV 3 GeV ­ 30 GeV 30 GeV ­ 300 GeV Gamma-rays from the GC 3 4 Gamma-rays from the GC Lightcurve 5 Gamma-rays from the GC Source spectrum Model X-ray and low-energy emission come from the central object, probably SMBH accretion disk. ...

... Russian KOI8 . ... Radio galaxies and cosmology [in Russian]) . ... The book is devoted to investigations of powerful radio galaxies in the different wavelength ranges. ... The history of study for radio galaxies is given and the outlook on radio galaxy exploring is considered. ... The cosmological tests to check the Universe evolution parameters constructed on the observational data of radio galaxies are considered in details. ... List of detected misprints (in Russian). ...

... The goal of this course is to teach some basic methodologies for analysing problems of control of partial differential equations. ... When dealing with controllability problems, one has to distinguish between finite-dimensional systems modelled by ordinary differential equations and infinite-dimensional distributed systems described by means of partial differential equations. Most of this course deal with problems related with partial differential equations. ...

... Information about a variety of different calendars for different cultures (e.g., Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Chinese, Hindu etc.) ... In addition, the Chinese had two different ways of interpreting and observing celestial events. One way the Chinese used astronomy was known as lifa; it was a discipline that aimed to understand the regularities and the predictable events in the celestial system through careful, observations, measurements and records. ... back to Teachers' Newsletter Main Page ...