... The behaviour of the polarization efficiency (see Eq. ( 14 )) for non-absorbing and absorbing spheroids is shown in Fig. 11 for the case when a maximum polarization is expected (PF alignment, ). ... Figure 11: Polarization efficiency against for prolate and oblate spheroids with and , picket fence orientation, . The size/shape effects are illustrated. ... Figure: Polarization efficiency as a function of particle equivolume radius for prolate core-mantle spheroids with and , PF orientation, . ...

... Energetic magnetospheric ions are often unstable to the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) instability . ... generation of EMIC waves below the proton gyrofrequency , and . ... Depending on the local proton gyrofrequency, the frequency of the EMIC waves varies: in the magnetosphere we deal with the ULF range (more precisely 0.1-5 Hz), while in the auroral field lines we have ELF waves (tens or hundreds of Hz; see radio frequencies and flickering aurora ). ... Space Physics Text Book of Oulu ...

... Primordial theory review : Dick Bond . Defects and the CMB review : Andy Albrecht . ... Gravitational wave contribution to CMB anisotropies : V.B. Lukash and E.V. Mikheeva . C_l from cosmic strings : Lloyd Knox . Some aspects of CMB anisotropies induced from topological defects : Mairi Sakellariadou . ... CMB anisotropies from scaling sources : Ruth Durrer . ... SZ observations I : Sarah Church . ... Holes in the microwave sky? ... Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB : James Robinson . ...

Wave-Particle Duality of Light. click here to see a wave experiment . ... In the wave theory, greater light intensity simply means more photons. Each photon ejects electrons in the same way, so more intensity means more electrons. Threshold frequency and electron K.E. should not be affected by intensity. ... Light frequencies below the threshold eject no electrons, no matter how intense the light. Light frequencies above the threshold eject electrons, no matter how low the intensity. ...

... The polarimetry group at the Arcetri Observatory has been working for several years, mainly from the theoretical-interpretative side, on the polarization of the radiation emitted by objects of astrophysical interest. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The physics of polarization" in "Astrophysical Spectropolarimetry", J. Trujillo Bueno, F. Moreno Insertis, F. Sanchez (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 1. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The Zeeman effect: applications to solar physics" Astron. ...

... It should be recalled that most (99.99 percent) of the energy is dissipated by single radiopulsars in the form of relativistic particles and low-frequency electromagnetic waves which are not observable. ... This gives rise to an interesting analog of the classical reflection or heating effect (Lipunov, 1980[ 97 ]; Lipunov and Prokhorov, 1984[ 110 ]; Harding, 1991[ 64 ]; Lipunov and Nazin, 1994[ 119 ]). ... For close binary systems, -0.3 and the transformation coefficient may be several percent. ...

... a) As source material for the high-school or college curriculum, especially in physics. astronomy and their history. (b) As a source of supplemental projects by high school students or by undergraduates. (c) As material for independent studies, In particular by motivated students who seek to know more about space . ... Those wishing to look up specific topics are advised to use the index file, accessible from the end of any "Exploration" file. ... files not listed and at other resource material. ...

... The Effect of Ice Particles on the Mesospheric Potassium Layer at High Latitudes . ... Various observational efforts have shown that ice particles manifest in the form of Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE) and Noctilucent Clouds (NLCs). ... The loss rate of K atoms during the summer season (June and July) due to uptake on ice is determined by using the early May K density as the background profile in the absence of ice particles. ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

. Total Dose Testing of a CMOS Charged-Particle Spectrometer . B.R. Hancock, Member, IEEE and G.A. Soliz . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . California Institute of Technology . Pasadena, CA 91109 . Table of Contents . Abstract and Introduction . Design of the CPS32 . Anticipated radiation effects . Radiation test results . Discussion . Conclusions . Acknowledgements and References

Meteor Streams: the Relation to Hazardous Celestial Bodies . ... Analytically tractable, the evolution of meteor particles' elliptic orbits in a gravitational field of the Sun is considered in view of light pressure, the Poynting Robertson effect, and the corpuscular analogue of Poynting Robertson effect. ... In the context of the perturbed two-body problem, the criterion for the probable meteor particles parent bodies are identified. ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

... Acceleration of particles in the vicinity of a massive black hole We propose a two-step mechanism for charged particle acceleration in the magnetosphere of a massive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk. Particles first gain energy by stochastic process during the accretion phase. It is shown that effective proton acceleration up to energies eV is possible in the turbulent magnetized accretion disk. ...

... Earth, Clouds, Sky, Comet . ... Credit: J. Aasland , Norway Explanation: Does a comet's dust tail always orbit behind it? ... Small ice and dust particles expelled by the comet, however, are literally pushed around by sunlight. ... When the comet is headed inward, sunlight slows down small particles so they orbit behind the comet. ... Comet Hale-Bopp itself is too big to have its orbit affected by the momentum of sunlight. ... Публикации с ключевыми словами: комета Хейла-Боппа - кометные хвосты . ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Quasi-stationary electron distributions for the different values of the particle escape time. ... The electron-cyclotron maser instability is widespread in the Universe, producing, e.g., radio emission of the magnetized planets and cool substellar objects. ... The model used takes into account the radiation escape from the source region and the particle flow through this region. ...

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... One of the rarest but most interesting effects which can be observed with the Irkutsk IS radar is anomal high power signal registraion(coherent echo) due to strong magnetic storms. ... These signals are formed at E-layer heights in the presence of a strong electric field which causes particles to drift. ...

ПЕРЕЛ?К ПУБЛ?КАЦ?Й СП?ВРОБ?ТНИК?В ГАО . ... Jockers K. Rosenbush V.K. Kiselev N.N. Comparative study of the dust polarimetric properties in split and normal comets. ... Jockers K. Rosenbush V.K. Kiselev N.N. Polarimetric properties of the dust in disintegrating comets. ... Avramchuk V.V. Rosenbush V.K. Kiselev N.N. Comparative study of brightness and polarization opposition effects for different atmosphereless solar- system bodies. ...

... The BM effect causes low-luminosity blazars (particularly BL Lacs) to be missed in surveys because the apparent luminosity of the non-thermal nuclear source does not exceed that of the host galaxy by a large factor. ... Browne (1995). ... In addition to these objects, a large fraction of the newly-identified BL Lacs in our sample (10 of 22; see Table 5) have been so classified only by virtue of our usage of the expanded March? et al. (1996) definition of the BL Lac class. ... 1996). ...

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We present results of new Monte Carlo calculations made with the DIRTY code of radiative transfer of stellar and scattered radiation for a dusty giant late-type galaxy like the Milky Way, which illustrate the effect of the attenuation of stellar light by internal dust on the integrated photometry of the individual bulge and disk components. ... In addition, we find that the structure of the dusty ISM affects more sensitively the observed magnitudes than the observed colors of both bulge and disk. ...