... Sun as a Source of Perturbation of Near-Earth Medium and Solar System Bodies. ... Tidal Influence of the Sun on the Earth. ... Structure of Solar Atmosphere. ... Observing Manifestations of Solar Activity. ... Forecasting of Solar Activity. ... Influence of Solar Activity on the Structure and Dynamics of Terrestrial Atmosphere. ... Problem of Mechanism of Solar-Troposphere Connections. ... Phenomenons in Auroral Zones of the Earth as a Result of the Sun Influence on the Terrestrial Atmosphere. ...

... Laboratory for Spectroscopy of Molecular Structures . ... Optics and spectroscopy of molecular and liquid crystals, fullerenes, superthin molecular films. Optical studies of structure, phase transitions, pretransitional phenomena, structural modifications in external field and under high pressure. ... Methods developed in the laboratory enable to determine in free standing films of different types liquid crystals values of polarization, two-dimensional constants of orientational elasticity. ...

This service contributes to the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices (ISGI) of the IAGA . ... The Kp numbers of the previous month are available in tabular format . ... There are available also historical and current Kp and derived indices per anonoymos FTP (see below). ... U.S.A. FTP server: ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/GEOMAGNETIC_DATA/INDICES/KP_AP/ . monthly update) . ... contains the monthly Kp / ap tables in a simple text format readable for both humans and computers (*.tab). ...

... It is found that the correlation coefficients between these two parameters calculated separately inside and outside the sunspot formation zone ±30 have cyclic variation and occur in anti-phase. This suggests different mechanisms of formation of the corona in the fields of small, medium, and large scales. ... The relationship between the coronal green line brightness (CGLB) and the magnetic field strength (MFS) has been investigated by constructing the corresponding synoptic maps for the 1977-2001. ...

... Russian Foundation for Basic Research , Project number 98-02-17366 . ... A number of experiments proposes the d -type of the wave function, having two directions with positive and two (in orthogonal direction) - with negative sign of the order parameter. ... The effect of the wave function phase is most efficiently revealed in the experiments with Josephson structures, that are used for determination of the dependences on the pulse direction. ... The project goals are: . ...

... 1) The MS lower envelopes for groups of stars with different metallicities turn out to be coincident. ... 4) The conformation of the kinematics of stars within narrow ranges ob b-y with the ages derived from isohrones reveals that, at Z < Z , the isohrone ages seem to be increasingly overestimated with growing b-y . ... At a given metallicity, they have a much narrower MS and the locus of their MS lower envelope seems to be brighter for the metal-rich group of stars. ...

The efficiency of interaction of radiation with a particle and hence its optical properties depend on the particle chemical composition, size, shape, structure, etc. ... Particle size expressed in units of the wavelength of incident radiation, together with chemical composition, most strongly affects the optical properties of a scatterer. ... There are many methods to solve the light-scattering problem for a homogeneous spheroid (our survey of the light-scattering methods see here ). ...

... March 9, 1997 . COBE Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known . Credit: DMR , COBE , NASA , Four-Year Sky Map . ... These spots are the oldest, most distant structures known. ... By studying the size and distribution of the spots found with COBE and future missions , astronomers hope to learn what matter and processes caused the spots to form - and hence determine the composition , density, and future of our Universe. ... About APOD > . ...

... GPI Data Pipeline 1.0 documentation . ... Thermal/Sky Backgrounds . ... Using Thermal/Sky Backgrounds in GPI Data Reduction: . Creating Calibrations: . ... Thermal emission (from sky or telescope) becomes an important background source for wavelengths longer than 2 microns. ... The pipeline treats thermal/sky backgrounds similar to dark frames and is designed to subtract a thermal/sky background, scaled to the integration time of the science image, from K-band observations. ...

... Polar plumes appear in images of the Sun's corona as faint linear enhancements in radial directions emanating from the North and South polar regions during the period of minimal solar activity. ... What are polar plumes? ... Even if plumes seems to be in rigid body rotation with the solar magnetic field, classic inversion with Radon transform is unable to reconstruct such 3-D structure due mainly to transient phenomena. ... We address points 2) and 3), solved with projective techniques. ...

... Primordial theory review : Dick Bond . Defects and the CMB review : Andy Albrecht . ... Gravitational wave contribution to CMB anisotropies : V.B. Lukash and E.V. Mikheeva . C_l from cosmic strings : Lloyd Knox . Some aspects of CMB anisotropies induced from topological defects : Mairi Sakellariadou . ... CMB anisotropies from scaling sources : Ruth Durrer . ... SZ observations I : Sarah Church . ... Holes in the microwave sky? ... Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB : James Robinson . ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. February 7, 1998 . COBE Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known . ... After computer processing to remove contributions from nearby objects and the effects of the earth's motion , the map shows temperature variations in the early Universe as red "spots". These spots are the oldest, most distant structures known. ... About APOD > . ...

Turning the Camera Skyward . A reconfigured camera can take wide-field exposures of astronomical objects (constellations, the Milky Way, zodiacal light, moving artificial satellites, meteor showers, variable stars, etc.) to reveal much fainter objects and structures than seen by naked eye. ... This picture reveals objects more than 2.5 times fainter than can be seen by the naked eye, including not only stars but also the Orion nebula (M42), where new stars are being born. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... History . Brief History of Rocket and Space Technology . ... Flights Chronology . ... Project History . ISS Russian Segment . ... History of flights . ... Investigation of impact of space factors on the state of the "microorganisms - substrates" system as applied to the problem of ecological safety of space technology and planetary quarantine. ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

... Time-series of high resolution spectra have been obtained during three nights and several important events were detected. Observations contained several chromospheric lines, allowing to investigate simultaneously the response of the chromosphere at different heights. A detailed analysis of the H alpha line behaviour, in particular, has revealed prominece clouds and plage-like regions in this star. ... Promience clouds are seen to lie below the co-rotation radius. ...

... For every level we have plotted the dependence between width and Lande factor and obtained the linear regression parameters: the inclination, the zero Lande factor line width and the correlation. ... Fig. 1. presents a model components, the intensity of which decreases (b) line with 10 and increases (c) to the center of spectral line (the field is 12 k6s). ... Our results show strong dependencies of line width on the level of width measurements. ...

... This book uses many authentic sources such as factual texts, newspaper articles, features and TV schedules, instruction manuals, everyday signs, stories, quizzes, emails and diary entries. ... Чернила для принтера HP HP Photosmart 425. цвета: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, емкость баночек - по 100 мл. ...

... Takuya Akahori "Faraday Rotation Measure due to the Intergalactic Magnetic Field" . Shae Brown "Cross-correlation of ATLAS and Spitzer-SWIRE Surveys: Probing intergalactic magnetic fields" . Roger Clay "Using low energy cosmic rays to investigate local galactic magnetic fields" . Roland Crocker "A new lower limit on the magnetic field around the Galactic Centre" . ... JinLin Han "Rotation measures of pulsars and radio sources for Galactic magnetic fields" . ...

Astronomy Picture of the Day . ... 9.03.1997 . ... Credit: DMR , COBE , NASA , Four-Year Sky Map Explanation: Above are two images of the microwave sky, north and south of our galaxy's equator , based on data from NASA's COsmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite . ... These spots are the oldest, most distant structures known. They represent temperature variations in the early Universe. ... Publications with keywords: COBE - hotspots . ... Microwave Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known ...

... Since planets are expected to form out of the material in disks around young stars, the formation of a planet will thoroughly alter the structure of the circumstellar disk of their host star, forming significant gaps in the radial distribution of matter around the star. Additionally, processing of solids (annealing/crystallization) and changes in the overall gas/dust ratio are thought to happen during the planet formation process and are believed to alter the observational signature of the disk. ...