... Geomagnetic field lines can guide energetic electrons and protons from magnetosphere or magnetosheath down to Earth's atmosphere . Precipitating particles loose their energy via collisions with the neutral particles and ionize them at approximately the same altitude range than solar UV radiation when creating the ionosphere . In addition, some of the atmospheric constituents are excited to higher energy levels: this can lead to emission of auroral light. ... ISPEC page on aurora . ...

... 12a. Inner Belt . ... The inner radiation belt, discovered by Explorers 1 and 3, owes its existence to the extraordinary stability of trapped orbits near the Earth. ... If these are electrically charged, e.g. electrons or ions, they will often end up trapped by the Earth's magnetic field. ... The energetic protons which then materialize are grabbed by the Earth's magnetic field, often on trapped orbits which do not return to the atmosphere, in which the proton can stay trapped for a rather long time...

Recursive solution of light scattering problem for multi-layered axisymmetric particles V.G.Farafonov St.Petersburg University of Aerocosmic Instrumentation St.Petersburg, 190000, Russia and V.B.Il'in Astronomical Institute, St.Petersburg University, St.Petersburg, 198504, Russia ABSTRACT Light scattering by inhomogeneous (layered) particles is the problem that often arises in optics of the atmosphere and ocean, biophysics, astrophysics, etc [1]. ... Farafonov V.G., Il'in V.B. (2000) Opt. ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

... Problems of Developing and Near-Earth Environmental Protection. Electromagnetic and Corpuscular Radiation of Sun as the Main Factors of Near-Earth Environment Forming. Solar UV and X-Rays. ... Ionosphere. ... Dynamic of Ionosphere Plasma.Ionosphere Conductance. ... Magnetosphere. ... Energetic Particles Motion in Magnetosphere. ... Auroral Particles and Phenomenons in Auroral Borealis Zones. ... Auroral Particles Invasion of Atmosphere and Its Effects - Auroral Borealis, Ionization, Heating. ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

... Credit Copyright: Phil Hart Explanation: At least 34 meteors are included in this composite image as they rain through Australian skies during the annual Geminid Meteor shower . ... Although the particles are traveling parallel to each other, the resulting streaks clearly seem to radiate from a single point on the sky near Gemini's twin stars Castor and Pollux at the lower right. ... Near the radiant point, an extra star in Gemini is actually the flash of a meteor seen almost head-on. ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . Forums: . ... Firtual Particles Are Not Only Particle Pairs . ... Posted by Richard Ruquist on October 19, 2004 12:03:20 UTC . ... Vacuum production of virtual particle pairs cannot violate the uncertainty principle. ... This theory is dual to the particle theory of gravitons. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... The Sun is the closest star to us, and a regular object in our Galaxy. Solar activity manifests itself, primarily, in solar flares - episodic explosive energy release in the form of electromagnetic radiation and high energy particles (electrons and protons). The nature of the flares is related to cyclic variations of global and local magnetic fields in the atmosphere of the Sun. ... Such formations are called active regions. ...

... Posts tagged ?posterior distribution? ... stat.AP:0811.1663] . Open Statistical Issues in Particle Physics by Louis Lyons . ... Category: arXiv , Bayesian , Cross-Cultural , Data Processing , Frequentist , High-Energy , Methods , Physics , Stat | ... Accounting for Spatial Correlation in the Scan Statistic by Loh &Zhu [stat.AP:0712.1458] provides a picture that helps us to understand excessive false alarms in source detection when the image data set is based on the Poisson point process. ...

. Next: Coherence in the radio Up: Radiation processes and geometry Previous: Synchrotron radiation . љ . Accelerated charged particles radiate . Particles constrained to move along field . Curved field lines result in radiation . Precisely which of the above mechanisms really contributes is as yet unclear! . Jon Bell . Thu Dec 19 15:15:11 GMT 1996