... Geomagnetic field lines can guide energetic electrons and protons from magnetosphere or magnetosheath down to Earth's atmosphere . Precipitating particles loose their energy via collisions with the neutral particles and ionize them at approximately the same altitude range than solar UV radiation when creating the ionosphere . In addition, some of the atmospheric constituents are excited to higher energy levels: this can lead to emission of auroral light. ... ISPEC page on aurora . ...

... 12a. Inner Belt . ... The inner radiation belt, discovered by Explorers 1 and 3, owes its existence to the extraordinary stability of trapped orbits near the Earth. ... If these are electrically charged, e.g. electrons or ions, they will often end up trapped by the Earth's magnetic field. ... The energetic protons which then materialize are grabbed by the Earth's magnetic field, often on trapped orbits which do not return to the atmosphere, in which the proton can stay trapped for a rather long time...

Recursive solution of light scattering problem for multi-layered axisymmetric particles V.G.Farafonov St.Petersburg University of Aerocosmic Instrumentation St.Petersburg, 190000, Russia and V.B.Il'in Astronomical Institute, St.Petersburg University, St.Petersburg, 198504, Russia ABSTRACT Light scattering by inhomogeneous (layered) particles is the problem that often arises in optics of the atmosphere and ocean, biophysics, astrophysics, etc [1]. ... Farafonov V.G., Il'in V.B. (2000) Opt. ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

... Problems of Developing and Near-Earth Environmental Protection. Electromagnetic and Corpuscular Radiation of Sun as the Main Factors of Near-Earth Environment Forming. Solar UV and X-Rays. ... Ionosphere. ... Dynamic of Ionosphere Plasma.Ionosphere Conductance. ... Magnetosphere. ... Energetic Particles Motion in Magnetosphere. ... Auroral Particles and Phenomenons in Auroral Borealis Zones. ... Auroral Particles Invasion of Atmosphere and Its Effects - Auroral Borealis, Ionization, Heating. ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

... Credit Copyright: Phil Hart Explanation: At least 34 meteors are included in this composite image as they rain through Australian skies during the annual Geminid Meteor shower . ... Although the particles are traveling parallel to each other, the resulting streaks clearly seem to radiate from a single point on the sky near Gemini's twin stars Castor and Pollux at the lower right. ... Near the radiant point, an extra star in Gemini is actually the flash of a meteor seen almost head-on. ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . Forums: . ... Firtual Particles Are Not Only Particle Pairs . ... Posted by Richard Ruquist on October 19, 2004 12:03:20 UTC . ... Vacuum production of virtual particle pairs cannot violate the uncertainty principle. ... This theory is dual to the particle theory of gravitons. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... The Sun is the closest star to us, and a regular object in our Galaxy. Solar activity manifests itself, primarily, in solar flares - episodic explosive energy release in the form of electromagnetic radiation and high energy particles (electrons and protons). The nature of the flares is related to cyclic variations of global and local magnetic fields in the atmosphere of the Sun. ... Such formations are called active regions. ...

... Posts tagged ?posterior distribution? ... stat.AP:0811.1663] . Open Statistical Issues in Particle Physics by Louis Lyons . ... Category: arXiv , Bayesian , Cross-Cultural , Data Processing , Frequentist , High-Energy , Methods , Physics , Stat | ... Accounting for Spatial Correlation in the Scan Statistic by Loh &Zhu [stat.AP:0712.1458] provides a picture that helps us to understand excessive false alarms in source detection when the image data set is based on the Poisson point process. ...

. Next: Coherence in the radio Up: Radiation processes and geometry Previous: Synchrotron radiation . љ . Accelerated charged particles radiate . Particles constrained to move along field . Curved field lines result in radiation . Precisely which of the above mechanisms really contributes is as yet unclear! . Jon Bell . Thu Dec 19 15:15:11 GMT 1996

... Shematovich, V.I . ... Shematovich, V. I. ; Bisikalo, D. V.; Marov , M. Ya . ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard J.-C. Superthermal particles in the planetary atmosphere. ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard, J.-C. The thermospheric odd nitrogen photochemistry : role of non-thermal N(4S) atoms (abstract) . ... Geophys ., ... Gerard, J.C., Shematovich, V.I., and Bisikalo, D.V. Effect of hot N( 4S) atoms on the NO solar cycle variation in the lower thermosphere (abstract) . ...

... Clarify neutron source models in near-earth space environment and evaluate their contribution in a complete radiation dose received by cosmonauts during EVA . Obtain data on high-energy neutron fluxes with energies up to 16 MeV coming from powerful solar flares with regard to albedo radiation of the earth . ... Measurement data on spatial and time distributions of radiation characteristics of space ionizing radiation (neutron and gamma components) outside the Service Module of the ISS RS; . ...

... The polarimetry group at the Arcetri Observatory has been working for several years, mainly from the theoretical-interpretative side, on the polarization of the radiation emitted by objects of astrophysical interest. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The physics of polarization" in "Astrophysical Spectropolarimetry", J. Trujillo Bueno, F. Moreno Insertis, F. Sanchez (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 1. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The Zeeman effect: applications to solar physics" Astron. ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... I read in your archives that: "The black hole will slowly radiate away?. ... Since this represents energy leaving the black hole, it will slowly release all of its mass in this fashion." ... If a pair of particles is produced which gets its rest mass energy from the gravitational field of the hole, and one particle is lost, then there will be a decrease in the energy of the hole. ...

Lectures . ... Home Lectures Lecture Series 2010-2011 Lecture Series 2010-2011 ? Particle Physics at the LHC and Cosmology? by Michael Tuts . ... Lecture Series 2010-2011 . ... Beyond New York City . ... Observing Resources for Amateur Astronomers - Part 1: Beginning Observers . ... A History of the First Forty Years of the Amateur Astronomers Association . ... Amateur Astronomers Medal . ... 2016 Amateur Astronomers Association of New York Designed by Press Customizr Powered by . ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

Armagh Observatory, 7 August 2000: . On the night of Friday 11th/Saturday 12th August, the annual meteor shower known as the Perseids makes its return. ... As Mark Littmann, author of "The Heavens on Fire," recounts, an American bookstore owner, Edward Herrick, independently discovered the Perseids on 9th August, 1837. He later made a thorough search of astronomical records and found several references to sightings of meteors on 9th and 10th August from Egypt in 1029 to England in 1833. ...

... Acceleration of particles in the vicinity of a massive black hole We propose a two-step mechanism for charged particle acceleration in the magnetosphere of a massive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk. Particles first gain energy by stochastic process during the accretion phase. It is shown that effective proton acceleration up to energies eV is possible in the turbulent magnetized accretion disk. ...

... Mission discovers particle accelerator in heart of Van Allen radiation belts . ... Using data from a NASA satellite, scientists have discovered a massive particle accelerator in the heart of one of the harshest regions of near-Earth space, a region of super-energetic charged particles surrounding the globe and known as the Van Allen radiation belts. New results from NASA s Van Allen probes show the acceleration energy is in the belts themselves. ... Discover | ...