Halley's Comet . Spacecraft that have visited Halley's Comet . ... Then in 1984 and 1985, five spacecraft from the USSR, Japan and Europe were launched to make a rendezvous with Halley's Comet in 1986. ... This image is a mosaic of 8 images taken by the Giotto spacecraft during the Halley encounter on March 13, 1986. ... Courtesy NASA/JPL) . ... Halley's Comets in 1986 . This image of Halley's Comets was taken during its 1986 appearance. ... Cylindrical Map of the Nucleus of Comet Halley . ...

... Comet Hyakutake's Orbit . ... 14.03.1996 . ... The orbits of the Earth and this brightening comet are shown in the above diagram. ... The comet has come in from the outer Solar System, will pass near the Earth in late March, and pass near the Sun in late April. Comet Hyakutake will appear bright in late March because it is so close to the Earth, and will again appear bright in late April because it is so close to the Sun. ... Publications with keywords: comet - comet Hyakutake - orbit . ...

Unlike the other small bodies in the solar system, comets have been known since antiquity. ... As of 1995, 878 comets have been cataloged and their orbits at least roughly calculated. ... When they are near the Sun and active, comets have several distinct parts: . ... A comet whose orbit takes it near the Sun is also likely to either impact one of the planets or the Sun or to be ejected out of the solar system by a close encounter (esp. with Jupiter). ... more comet images . ... HST images . ...

U nlike the other small bodies in the solar system, comets have been known since antiquity. There are Chinese records of Comet Halley going back to at least 240 BC. ... W hen they are near the Sun and active, comets have several distinct parts: . ... A comet whose orbit takes it near the Sun is also likely to either impact one of the planets or the Sun or to be ejected out of the solar system by a close encounter (esp. with Jupiter). ... more comet images . ... Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) . ...

Classroom Activity: A Viewgraph Comet . ... This will simulate the Earth's orbit around the Sun. ... Draw several comets along the path with their tails pointing away from the Sun. ... You can create other viewgraphs that have a smaller scale and show several comet orbits or constellations. ... Show how the Earth's orbit is almost circular compared to the comet's. Explain that the Sun is at the focus of the orbits of the planets, asteroids, and comets. ... Actually, comets have two tails. ...

... Comet Ikeya-Zhang, designated C/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang), is named after Kaoru Ikeya of Shizuoka prefecture, Japan, and Daqing Zhang of Henan province, China, who independently discovered it on the night of 1 February 2002. A preliminary orbit reported the following day indicated that it would come moderately close to both the Earth and the Sun and that it might become visible to the naked eye during late March and April 2002. ... Bailey, M.E., Clube, S.V.M. and Napier, W.M. The Origin of Comets . ...

M obile A stronomical Sy stem of TE lescope- R obots MASTER-II Kislovodsk Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute , Moscow Union "Optic" , Kislovodsk Solar Station Latitude = 43 o љ44'.767љN; Longitude = 42 o љ31'.417љE; Altitude = 2067љm MASTERљIIљ(8љsquareљdegress) + MASTERљVWF(VeryљWideљFieldљCameras (FOV=800 square degrees, Timeљresolutionљupљtoљ150љms, with unfiltered m_lim=14m on 5 sec. exposure, and ~10.5m with 0.15 sec) . ... 11h 38m 38.0s , -09d 59m 59s) . ...

... An artificial comet holds secrets to Earths life . ... Planets, orbits, and comets are somewhat round. Is there an underlying mechanism or physical law? ... The force of gravity is also responsible for the elliptical, and occasionally circular, shapes of orbits. ... Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ... If you are already registered on Astronomy.com, please log in below. ...

Some peculiarities of orbits of observed comets. ... Icarus, 2005 Simulation and reality Distribution of anti-perihelia of short-period comets with e 0.9 ( ecliptic coordinates ) Distribution of anti-perihelia of short-period comets with e 0.9 ( ecliptic coordinates ) Distribution of anti-perihelia of long-period comets with 0.9 e 1 ( ecliptic coordinates ) ­ ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Earth Satellites . ... Sadly C/ 2014 Q2 will probably not be as spectacular a sight as Comet C/ 2011 W3 (Lovejoy), visible near Earth?s horizon in this nighttime image from the International Space Station on 22 December 2011. ... The comet made its closest approach to Earth on 7€а January 2015, at a distance of 72 million km (45 million miles).€а In January the comet will race though the constellations Eridanus, Taurus, Aries and Triangulum. ...

... Currently, there is very little information on comets which are active beyond the orbit of Jupiter. ... Previous observations conducted by our team with the SAO RAS 6-m telescope showed that some of these comets have extended tails dissimilar to the tails of comets forming at close heliocentric distances. ... We for the first time measured the linear polarization of scattered emission for the two distant comets C/2010 S1 (LINEAR) and C/2010 R1 (LINEAR) at heliocentric distances of 5.9-7.0 au. ...

Comet C/2006 P1 (McNaught) . ... COMETS . In 2008 the 42 periodical comets will return to perihelions. Comet C/2004 Q2 (Machholz) . ... Comets 8P/Tuttle and 17P/Holmes (at right) . ... Time . ... 1.00 . ... Feb. 2 . ... P/2006 F1 (Kovalsky) . ... P/2001 Q5 (LINEAR-NEAT) . ... P/2000 B3 (LINEAR) . ... 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR . ... P/2001 CV 8 (LINEAR) . ... Note: All time moments are given in Universal Time (UT) units. For Kyiv Local_Time=UT+2 h (and Local_Time=UT+3 h for summer time). ...

... comet nucleus. ... Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Near Earth Objects (NEOs), cometary families , terrestrial type planets, collidings, transition of a comet nucleus , initial heliocentric parabolic orbit, heliocentric elliptical trajectory, a pairwise three dimensional two-body problem, the Sun - comet nucleus , terrestrial planet - comet nucleus , orbital parameters of a nucleus , sphere of influence of a ...

This is a copy of a Press Release from E.S.O. Eight years after the passage of Comet Halley in early 1986, astronomers at the European Southern Observatory have succeeded in obtaining an image of this famous object at a distance of no less than 2,820 million km from the Sun. ... The image shows the 6 x 15 km avocado-shaped nucleus as an extremely faint point of light without any surrounding dust cloud. ... This observation was made with the ESO 3.58 metre New Technology Telescope (NTT). ...

Conserved quantities. Energy, momentum, & angular momentum. ... To start with, let us look at a plot of Specific Angular Momentum versus Specific Energy for every historical comet apparition up to 1995. ... Where do asteroids fit in? ... Why do the points of one cluster group around a vertical line? ... h = angular momentum per unit mass of an orbiting body. ... Lines of constant angular momentum are "1/X" functions on a q vs (1+e) graph, but a little more complex if drawn on the above graph. ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Bad Astronomy : Comets whiz across the sky in a few seconds. Good astronomy : Comets appear to move very slowly, usually taking days to noticeably move. ... The orbital periods of comets are measured in years; the most famous comet of all, Comet Halley (usually--- and incorrectly-- called ``Halley's Comet''), takes about 76 years to orbit the Sun just once. ... Now, when a comet gets near the Earth, it tends to be moving pretty quickly. ... Want to know more about comets? ...

. Computer Ephemeris. Elements of osculating planetary orbits. Explanations. Each row contains at 0h of Time Dynamical Terrestrial of specified date in system of mean equator and ecliptic J2000.0 the ecliptic osculating elements of heliocentric orbit: inclination of orbital plane (degrees), longitude of ascending node (degrees), argument of perigelion (degrees), semimajor axis (astronomical units), mean motion (degrees per day), eccentricity (dimensionless), mean anomaly (degrees).

... Parameters of the Moon-perturbed orbit . ... From orbits consistent with this limitation and with the date of the launch October 1, 2000 as an example, an orbit was selected with apogee directed to the North Galactic pole at the begining and rotation of orbit plane was maximized. The initial state vector is given in the inertial coordinate system in epoch J2000.0. ... The orbit has initial perigee radius Rp=7000.0 km, initial apogee radius Ra=343000.0 km and initial period T=8.453 days. ...

... To save time, I will only provide ephemerides in 2000 coordinates. ... Note: most the orbital elements used to create these ephemerides were obtained from the International Astronomical Union Circulars (IAUCs), Minor Planet Circulars (MPCs) or the ICQ Comet Handbook. ... The following 1-day ephemeris (March 1, 1997 - October 1, 1997) is from Donald Yeomans of JPL and is based on Reference Orbit #55 (March 4, 1997). 2000 coordinates (March - September, 1997) [3/4/97] . ... Epoch: 1997 Feb. 1.0 . ...

... Several composite flatfields (superflats) have been generated from all Eng. 4 flatfield observations. After removing the LED pattern, these superflats where used to identify OM bad pixels. These badpixels are real physical pixels, thus include 8x8 subpixels. ... Significant deviations from the median or average values were spotted and flagged as bad pixels. ... 8x8 subpixel negative deviation in slew flatfield . ... bad CCD pixel . any 8x8 subpixel deviation in slew flatfield . ...