... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

... The dayside auroral precipitation consist of magnetosheath related boundary layer precipitation, and plasma sheet related BPS/CPS precipitation (extensions of the nightside precipitation regions). ... For example, the much lower fluxes from the LLBL region when compared to the cusp are compensated by the bidirectional electron beams found in the LLBL: the precipitating energy fluxes in the LLBL and the cusp are not that different. ... directly through the cusp and plasma mantle . ...

Next: Star Formation Rate and Up: No Title Previous: Calculation of Evolutionary Tracks . To start calculations, we choose the distributions of the initial binary parameters: the mass of the primary ZAMS component, , binary mass ratio, , orbital separation a . ... whereas the mass ratio distribution is not. ... The zero assumption often made is that the mass ratio distribution has a flat shape, that is binaries with a high mass ratio occur as frequently as those with equal masses. ...

Scale-heights of the Galactic disk subsytems with different ages and metallicities . V.Marsakov & Yu. ... It is based on the fact, that all stars cross the disk plane several times during their Galactic orbital period. ... We have used our representative sample of nearby disk F2-G2 stars Marsakov & Shevelev (1995) in which fundamental stellar parameters was determined on the basis of published date on uvby-photometry, proper motion and radial velocities. ... Marsakov V.A., Shevelev Yu.G. Bull. ...

Distribution of the analyzed SEPs with different >100 MeV proton fluxes ( J 100 ) at the microwave flux density plane ' S 9 vs. ... 1) General correspondence takes place between intensities of microwave bursts and proton fluxes - J 100 increases when S 9 and S 15 rise. ... 3) Powerful microwave bursts ( S 9 , S 15 >3000-10000 sfu ) with hard radio spectra ( S 9 < S 15 ) correspond to majority of powerful proton fluxes ( J 100 >10 pfu ). ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Quasi-stationary electron distributions for the different values of the particle escape time. ... The electron-cyclotron maser instability is widespread in the Universe, producing, e.g., radio emission of the magnetized planets and cool substellar objects. ... The model used takes into account the radiation escape from the source region and the particle flow through this region. ...

. Supernovae distribution according to their magnitudes. This graph shows the distribution of SNe according to the magnitude. This graph is kept up to date till SN 2000ek . Along X-axis there are all magnitudes bands so that you have to read in this way: for example, the band on the graph marked as 18 takes in all supernovae between mag.17 and 18, or if one prefers ...until less than mag. 18, and so on...

ION AND ELECTRON ENERGY DETECTOR PAN-2 . ... The energy and angular distributions of charged particles can bring further information on the nature and spatial scales of magnetospheres processes. ... It permits the fast measurements of energy and angular parameters of charged particles in the range 40eV-40keV. ... The sensor unit is an electron electrostatic, axially symmetrical, toroidal analyzer. ... The energy range for both types of charged particles must stepped according to the logarithmic scale. ...

... gradients dependencies on solar wind parameters and IMF; . ... fate of thermal plasma at the dayside magnetopause. velocity-dispersed injections of the thermal and superthermal ions from LLBL at cusp and cleft (lowest energy VDIS-2 events); . ... outer cusp processes, role of outer cusp indentation, plasma entry (laminar reconnection, turbulent diffusion, others), role of turbulent boundary layer; . how is the magnetosheath plasma heated near magnetopause and cusp? . ... cusp/cleft wave emissions. ...

... The absolute flux calibration of NICMOS will be calculated from observations of standard stars with known flux distributions F( ). ... In order to expand the set of IR standard stars in the appropriate flux range for NICMOS, M. Rieke, R. Thompson, and collaborators at the University of Arizona are making photometric observations of solar-analog stars, which will be used to normalize the solar spectrum to the observed IR magnitudes. ... Relative flux references accurate to 1.5% for standard...

Next: Stars without Periods Up: Other Stars Previous: Stars with Highly . ... However, due to lower signal to noise their periods are less secure. ... This could be interpreted as a continuous distribution with statistically insignificant deviations which give the appearance of gaps or a real gap. ... When the distributions of periods greater five days are compared for the ONC stars and those near Orionis the KS test gives a 47% probability of these distributions being drawn from the same population. ...

... 1) Studying distributions of stars of different ages in irregular and spiral galaxies we found for each galaxy a clear correlation between the age of stars and the spatial size of the subsystems of stars of this age. ... We made a stellar photometry of eight NGC 1313 fields and of its dwarf companion AM 0319-662 and studied the visible distribution of stars of different ages and of metallicity in the galaxy. ... This disappeared galaxy was the cause of the gravitational deformation of NGC 1313. ...

Next: Polarization efficiency: size/shape/orientation effects Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: The 2175? feature . To model the interstellar polarization one needs to calculate the forward-transmitted radiation for an ensemble of non-spherical aligned dust grains. ... Let non-polarized stellar radiation passes through a dusty cloud with a homogeneous magnetic field. ... The angle between the line of sight and the magnetic field is ( ). ... where the angle is connected with and ( ). ...

... Using the central limit theorem, the total noise can be approximated by a Gaussian or normal distribution which has the frequency function : . ... where is the mean intensity of the source. ... In the statistical analysis of the probability distribution of data several estimators based on moments are used. ... For a normal distribution, these moments are and while for a Poisson distribution are and . Besides these moments other estimators are used to describe a distribution e.g. median and mode . ...

... So far, there are no corrections for the particle background component that may be different in the source and background regions. ... These calibrations, which are critically required, should tell us about the most reliable way to estimate the particle component in a given region. ... The most straightforward way will be to decompose the background input spectrum as the sum of a ``sky'' component and a particle component computed in the background region. ...

... Each data set has 36 values in it. ... If it is, what can you conclude about the nature of the data? ... Data Set 1: 12.8 8.4 12.5 2.5 1.1 0.4 1.4 0.4 0.1 1.6 6.4 9.3 6.9 6.8 7.6 2.9 2.2 0.9 1.2 2.1 0.1 5.7 8.5 7.1 9.8 7.6 6.2 1.9 0.9 0.2 0.4 2.0 1.1 1.9 1.3 1.2 Data Set 2: 6.8 12.3 10.6 3.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 3.2 0.5 1.4 13.1 7.5 2.1 9.6 6.4 5.4 3.9 3.9 0.3 0.1 0.9 6.1 18.7 4.6 0.3 5.1 5.7 0.5 1.5 2.5 1.4 0.1 2.1 4.8 6.3 3.5 Data Set 3: 6.9 2.6 8.6 7.9 6.9 3.7 1.1 1.8...

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF REGOLITH AT THE MOON'S SOUTH POLE, ACCORDING TO DATA OF LUNAR PROSPECTOR AND LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER MISSIONS. ... Introduction: The article tells about the results of integrated study of the craters at the Moon's South Pole with permanently shadowed region of craters. ... We have compared the ultimate composition of the soil matters in the craters with "cold traps" in the Moon's South Pole with regard to thorium, ferric oxide and hydrogen contents (Fig. ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

To construct two-dimension distribution of minor planets user should specify elements/ parameters/ function that will be plotted as abscissas and ordinates. In three-dimension case one should add to them the element plotted on Z axis. ... Though you may choose elements plotted along different axes at will, often there is good reason to plot such elements as a, n, or n" along X axis (two-dimension distributions) and to plot them along Y axis in three-dimension case. ...

... One of the most widely used tools of Fourier analysis is the Parseval theorem. It enables the experimentalist to view how the `energy' in the signal is distributed among frequencies. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms have made power spectra one of the obvious diagnostics tools during data acquisition, and energy maps are a versatile alternative. ... The result is an energy map (Fig. 9), showing the distribution of energy corresponding to the wavelet map (Fig. ...