Next: The Scenario Machine: Operational Up: Evolution of Magnetic Rotators Previous: Ejector-propeller hysteresis . ... The length of this segment is determined by the eccentricity. ... In this case no hysteresis occurs and transitions E -- P and the reverse take place in symmetrical points of the orbit. ... Here EP means a mixed state of the rotator at which it is in the ejector state during one part of the orbit, and in the propeller state during the rest of the orbital cycle. ...

... Russian Foundation for Basic Research , Project number 98-02-17366 . ... A number of experiments proposes the d -type of the wave function, having two directions with positive and two (in orthogonal direction) - with negative sign of the order parameter. ... The effect of the wave function phase is most efficiently revealed in the experiments with Josephson structures, that are used for determination of the dependences on the pulse direction. ... The project goals are: . ...

... A three-cell test section roughly representative of the primary mirror was provided for this test by the Steward Mirror Lab. ... Additionally, the tests are intended to determine relative airflow vs. pressure drop characteristics for each of the air flow patterns so the results can be evaluated both as a function of flow rate and of pressure drop along the flow path. ... The bottom (top as installed) was cut out so it could close the chamber for heating and be removed for the cooling tests. ...

This is a tabulation of interstellar dust scattering properties dertermined from observations of various astrophysical objects (eg., ... Almost all studies in this field aim to determine the single scattering albedo (a) and scattering phase function asymmetry (g = <cos( )>) as different wavelengths. ... Plot Details . ... Plot details links to a page describing the studies included in the plot, the radiative transfer model used in each study, and an ascii listing of data plotted. ...

... In the pn-CCD, 768 individual amplifiers allow fast readout, but imply different gains for the different readout channels which all have to be determined and corrected for. The gains of the 768 readout nodes were derived by comparing the position of CTI corrected calibration lines (in adu) with their known energy. ... More details on the CTI and gain correction can be found in []. ...

... In order to disentangle the effects of different climate variables on tree-ring growth rates of different species, and to explore the possibility that more than one species could improve the accuracy of the reconstructions of climate using tree rings, a methodical study of trees in close proximity to the Armagh Observatory climate station was initiated together with Ana Maria Garc?a Su?rez, and continued as part of the latter's PhD thesis with John Butler and Professor Mike Baillie (QUB). ...

... Triple Junctions Effect on the Grain Growth in Nanostructured Materials S. PROTASOVA AND V. SURSAEVA Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Chernogolovka, Moscow District, 142432, Russia Abstract. Microstructure evolution and grain growth in nanostructured aluminium films has been examined. ... Keywords: nanostructured aluminium films, grain growth, grain boundary, triple junction 1. ... Triple junctions have a dragging force on the normal grain growth in aluminium foils. ...

... 2011 February 11 . Star Colors in Orion . ... Explanation: What determines a star's color ? ... Red stars are cool, with surface temperatures of around 3,000 kelvins (K) , while blue stars are hotter and can have temperatures over 30,000 K. Our own lovely "yellow" Sun's temperature is a comforting 6,000 K. Differences in star colors are particularly easy to see in this intriguing composite view of the constellation Orion, made while experimenting with a star trail step-focus technique . ...

There are 2 main problems with the standard Big Bang model. ... These are determined by the particular density of the universe. ... Early 1980s, Alan Guth suggested new epoch should be added, known as inflationary epoch, lasting between 10 -35 and 10 -24 seconds . ... Gravity became separate force at 10E(-43) seconds after big bang, when temperature 10E(32) K . Strong force became separate force at 10E(-35) seconds, or beginning of inflationary epoch, when temperature 10E(27) K . ...

Detection technique . We are using ISIS , the optimal image subtraction method developed by C. Alard & R.H. Lupton, to search for SNe in our images. ... The second image shows the same subtraction, but after the convolution of the best image with ISIS: . ... For this reason, we are suggested to search for nuclear SNe with NICMOS on HST, to exploit its stable PSF, sensitivity and angular resolution to detect from space nuclear obscured SNe which might have been missed by ground-based surveys. ...

... The variability of the spectrum of the optical component of the IR-source IRAS01005+7910 was discovered for the first time in the BTA spectra [1]. ... The spectral features include absorptions that form in near-photospheric layers, narrow envelope emissions, and emission-absorption profiles that form in photosphere-to-envelope transition layers (the wind). ... Discovery of spectral variation in the optical counterpart of IRAS01005+7910. ... Dashed line - envelope curve of all the SiII 5979 profiles ...

... Colours of stars and galaxies hold information on intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, such as stellar temperatures and galaxy populations, selective absorption and colour changes due different dust contents and inclination angles of galaxies, as well as galaxy redshifts and evolution. ... The colour magnitude diagram of 65000 galaxies to which all above-mentioned quantities and others contribute can only be explained by comparison with simulations. ... Colours are also of technical help. ...

Next: Filtering ROSAT HRI data Up: ROSAT HRI Recipes Previous: Correlating Spectral Data with . Although the spatial variation of the quantum efficiency across the HRI is nominally within 10% for most of the detector, occasionally it may be desirable to flat-field a map with preflight calibration measurements. ... Store the new gain map image using ``blink" in SaoImage. ... The quantum efficiency correction (QEC) is the inverse of the intensity determined from the QE map at the source position. ...

... Moscow, Russia E-mail: krivosheev@iki.rssi.ru Notes: · · The Monte Carlo method (s) is also called the statistical test method An innumerable number of processes can be listed the outcome of which is not determined and has probabilistic nature, but these processes obey statistical laws, so to obtain the result we have to make multiple similar tests, i.e. to use the MC method Because probabilistic processes are widely spread in nature, the MC ...

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... the time of observation . ... Observing the Changing Position of the Sun To Establish Cardinal Directions . ... Observations of the Sun's apparent movement across the sky and its pattern of rising and setting in the east and west horizon helped to establish the cardinal directions. ... The final stage of the Sun's return was marked by the observation that the Sun had reached its highest altitude when the full width of your mitted hand could fill the gap between the Sun and the horizon. ...

... Optical constants of amorpous SiO 2 and GeO 2 in the region of valence band. ... The optical constants were determined by 4 methods: (i) Measurements of reflectivity of polarized radiation incident at 3 different angles following by solution of the Fresnel equations; (ii) Measurements of trasmittance (for tablettes of ultra-fine powder); (iii) A combined method applied to both kind of the data following by solution of Fresnel equation for the normal incidence; (iv) Kramers-Kronig method. ...

There are at least 3 ways that the age of the Universe can be estimated. ... The age of the oldest star clusters. The age of the oldest white dwarf stars. ... When a rock solidifies, the chemical elements often get separated into different crystalline grains in the rock. ... But if the elements are made continuously at a constant rate, then the mean age of stuff in the Solar System is (t o + t SS )/2 = 8-11 Gyr which we can solve for the age of the Universe giving t o = 11.5-17.5 Gyr . ... Age | ...

Scale-heights of the Galactic disk subsytems with different ages and metallicities . V.Marsakov & Yu. ... It is based on the fact, that all stars cross the disk plane several times during their Galactic orbital period. ... We have used our representative sample of nearby disk F2-G2 stars Marsakov & Shevelev (1995) in which fundamental stellar parameters was determined on the basis of published date on uvby-photometry, proper motion and radial velocities. ... Marsakov V.A., Shevelev Yu.G. Bull. ...

The Geodetic Reference Antenna in Space ( GRASP ): A Mission to Enhance the Terrestrial Reference Frame Yoaz Bar-Sever1, R. Steven Nerem2, and the GRASP Team 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory University of Colorado, Boulder 1 Terrestrial Reference Frame ( TRF ) and GRASP · TRF is fundamental to all areas of geophysics TRF · TRF are currently determined by 4 space-ground geodetic techniques: - GPS/ GNSS - ... YEB, September 2012 10 ...