... the time of observation . ... Observing the Changing Position of the Sun To Establish Cardinal Directions . ... Observations of the Sun's apparent movement across the sky and its pattern of rising and setting in the east and west horizon helped to establish the cardinal directions. ... The final stage of the Sun's return was marked by the observation that the Sun had reached its highest altitude when the full width of your mitted hand could fill the gap between the Sun and the horizon. ...

... In order to compare the number of different evolutionary stages obtained and X-ray luminosity of the chosen X-ray sources with the observed galactic values we use the sum of C/O+O/C , where C and O are the calculated and observed values of a given binary type, respectively. If we make comparison for a number of different binary species (for example, we compare the number of CV, number of X-ray pulsars,   total X-ray luminosity of LMXB, etc.), we write this criterion in the form: . ...

... A comparison of the computed and experimental relations F max ( H), as well as comparison of drift scans of point sources across different horizontal cross-sections of the BP with the corresponding computed cross-sections were made. ... The drift scans of the point source 3С84 (H=87 o ) at the wavelength 7.6 cm across the horizontal cross-sections of the BP (black lines) and the computed horizontal cross-sections of the BP corresponding to them (red lines). ...

Next: About this document Up: FOC Image Restoration Using Previous: Mathematical Methodology . ... Use of a mask was required to ensure that the saturated data were ignored in the resultant restoration which these authors obtained with an observed PSF. ... Hollis and colleagues obtained two public domain FOC F/96 images of the binary system R Aquarii and an observed PSF both in the light of twice ionized oxygen which emits a spectral line at 5007 ?. ... These images are not identical in details, . ...

... Magnetic fields, subatomic particles, etc., traveling in different directions fill the universe. Do they deflect or otherwise affect one another? If so, isnт??t the information we get from them distorted? ... Neutrino astronomy, which is still in its infancy, is attractive because neutrinos interact so weakly with matter that few of these distorting effects occur. Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ...

... Fitting the observed dependence includes calculations of the polarization cross-sections averaged over particles orientation and size distribution, their normalization and the comparison of obtained dependencies with Serkowski's curve representing observational data for a chosen star. ... Variations of the polarization factors with wavelength are shown in Fig. 16 for homogeneous spheroidal particles with PF orientation. ... The distinction between prolate and oblate spheroids is also clearly seen. ...

... 12c. Venus transit (1) . 12d. Venus transit (2) . 12e. Venus transit (3) . ... 1 The 2004 Venus transit . ... Kepler's third law allows one to evaluate the dimensions of the solar system in relative units, e.g. in " astronomical units " (AUs), where 1 AU is the mean Sun-Earth distance. ... Edmond Halley suggested using the transit of Venus across the Sun's disk, when it appears as a dark round spot --or to quote one observer of the 2004 transit, "like a blueberry in front of an orange." ...

... An OBJECT column gives the name of the object observed (usually a star name). ... In critical cases, it is common practice to measure sky on two or more positions around a target object, and these positions must be identified. ... A general treatment of this problem requires a column called OBJECT, bearing the usual name of the object (as in the star tables); a column labelled STARSKY, to distinguish between star+sky, star alone, or sky alone; and additional columns to identify the sky position. ...

... According to the most popular cosmological paradigm, the greater part of the galaxy mass is accumulated in the dark matter halo. ... The polar ring galaxies (PRGs) reveal external rings or disks of gas, dust and stars rotating in a plane roughly perpendicular to the disk of the central galaxy. ... The shape of the dark halo in the model was chosen so as to achieve the best fit to the observed rotation of both galaxies themselves and their polar rings. ... The SPRC-7 galaxy. ...

IBIS Data Analysis . ... IBIS . ... Flat Fielding - Introduction . The images obtained by IBIS will have intensity variations across the field of view that are not due to the solar image, but rather caused by instrumental effects that alter the observed intensity in each point of the field of view. ... IBIS Flat Fielding Techniques . ... Therefore, it is desirable to obtain the flat field measurements center on a point along the equator near the heliographic center of the solar disk. ...

... The expansion is measured as a number called the Hubble Constant . ... Our value is about 20% lower than the one got with the Hubble Space Telescope in 1994," said Dr Jim Lovell, leader of the team that made the measurement. The Hubble Constant is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, who in the 1920s found that other galaxies were moving away from ours. ... The Hubble Constant links the galaxy's distance with its speed." ... A short run-down on the Hubble Constant: . ...

Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) and atomic lines are observed as interstellar absorptions in GALAH and other massive spectroscopic stellar surveys. By observing a given DIB toward many stars which are nearly in the same direction, but at different distances, one can reconstruct absorption sites along the line of sight. ...

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... The extinction in terrestrial atmosphere. ... A star was observed at different zenith distances during one night at the Engelgardt's Astronomical Observatory in the program of atmospheric extinction study at blue. ... Calculate the air mass for given zenith distances in 1st 54.9 11800 column, and write the result into the 2nd column. ... Spectral observations. ... Calculate the radial velocity Vr of the star on each date, the results of measurements and write calculations into the table. ...

... the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for the randomly-irregular magnetized plasma has been derived on the base of general grounds of the multiple scattering theory . ... Solutions of several absolute tasks of the scattering theory have been obtained (on the optical depth of the ionospheric plasma layer, on the value of radio wave anomalous attenuation, on anomalous refraction, on the backscattered signal intensity for the source being placed within a plasma layer). ...

ATMoB "Double Star Award " Guidelines Purpose: To promote observing among the membership of the Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston ­ in particular, double, triple, and multiple stars. Introduction: Double, triple, and multiple stars are the "Rodney Dangerfields" of the night sky. ... W hile they can be observed under a variety of sky conditions, double stars ­ especially close ones ­ are best viewed on nights when the seeing is steady. ... The direction from a star to Polaris is north. ...

Over the coming weeks an international team, including Simon Jeffery , Vincent Woolf and Amir Ahmad of the Armagh Observatory, will use over fifteen different telescopes to make over one hundred nights of observations of just one star to learn about its internal structure. ... Although the approach has been used before, this may be the first time that a global asteroseismology project has tried to measure both light and spectrum variations at the same time for any star apart from the Sun. ...

... Under certain conditions, like those in the nucleus of a QSO, all atoms can be made to emit light at particular wavelengths. ... If that source is approaching the observer, the wave is squashed up onto itself making the wavelength shorter. ... This is redshift. ... You can see how the section of the QSO spectrum which we observe changes with redshift. ... We then see how far we had to slide the observed spectrum along the scale to make it match and that is the objects redshift. ... The 2QZ team . ...

... At high latitudes, the E-region auroral electrojets and field-aligned currents produce 'radar aurora' that are somewhat more complicated than the equatorial radar echoes. ... Type 4 echoes are a special type of two-stream events associated with anomalous electron heating by the auroral electrojet waves. ... Res. ... Hedberg, and J. A. Nordling, Observations of auroral E-region plasma waves and electron heating with EISCAT and a VHF radar interferometer, J. atmos. terr. ... Observations, J. Geophys. ...

... Kashyap, V., Drake, J., Smith, R., & Wargelin, B., 2014, 15 Years of Science with Chandra Symposium, Spectrum Ultimum Capellae: XV Years of Chandra Observations of Capella . ... Kashyap, V.L., Connors, A., Drake, J., Lee, T., Posson-Brown, J., Saar, S., Scargle, J., van Dyk, D., & Wong, R., 2014, AAS/HEAD 14, 119.05 TANAGRA: Timing Analysis of Grating Data . ... Audard, M., G del, M., Drake, J.J., & Kashyap, V.L., 2000, ApJ, 541, 396 . Audard, M., G del, M., & Guinan, E.F., 1999, ApJ, 513, L53 . ...