... Laser GLONASS" is a combination of methods and technology that will radically reduce that error. ... 2 LASER GLONASS Purpose of creation of laser technologies and systems Achievement of GLONASS target characteristics Component of error of position and time determination due to the space segment real time ­ up to 0.6 m and 0.1* m (base values ­ 2.8 m and 1.0* m) in posterior mode ­ up to 0.03 m (base value 0.1 m) up to 1 ns (base value ... 14 LASER GLONASS Thank you for your attention! ...

... TUNING . mmdrive --- utility used in conjunction with the remote tuning PC . documented by Mike Kesteven) . PC-based remote mm-receiver tuning --- wonderful !!! . documented by Graeme Carrad, Simon Hoyle) . ... POINTING and GAIN CALIBRATION . point --- various options for pointing and gain calibration . ... point --- pointing . ... spectra --- to drive the telecope, data aquisition, etc. (documented by Robina Otrupcek) . ...

... The file names' construction . The flight (m) stage's file set . ... the orbital data used for the flight operation monthly (m) long-term planning, . ... The orbital calculations are based on the initial orbital data determined by KIAM RAN using the orbital radio measurements treatment.The determined initial orbital data are presented as a state vector (satellite position and velocity) in the J2000 reference. ... Accept the file with extension '.bgr', where the Moscow time (MT=UT+3h) is used. ...

... Previous: Generalized Linear Multi-Frequency Imaging in VLBI . ... At Astronomical Observatory of Valencia University (OAUV), CCD observations of asteroids and big planets satellites are obtained since 2001 with a big format camera and several telescopes. ... Software for comparison of single and overlapped CCD fields obtained at different epochs has been developed. ... After images measurement in CCD field, catalogue stars are identified and adjusted with images. ...

... Tracking stations will be selected in accordance with the schedule issued daily by the General Operative Control Group (GOCG) in Lavochkin Association with the gaps in operations during spacecraft contact with the control stations (CS). ... Communication frequencies (carrier): high data rate information transmission downlink from the SRT ­ 15.000 GHz; uplink synchronization ­ 7.2075 GHz; downlink synchronization ­ 8.400 GHz. ...

. Strictly speaking, UNIX is not one single operating system, it is a family of operating systems. Different computer manufacturers produce their own versions of UNIX. Although these are mostly similar, there are small differences which can cause problems. The most obvious examples are the layout of the file system and the exact format of certain commands. History of the UNIX operating system . Modern variants of UNIX .

spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 21 December 1998, 1400 UT (RR) . ... This is not as trivial a question as one might think, since it is not enough to know the location with respect to the Earth and/or the Sun in some arbitrary coordinate system. One may have to consider things like differences between the solar equatorial plane and the Earth's orbital plane, the changing direction of Earth's spin axis during the year, and the magnetic dipole orientation. ... Geocentric solar ecliptic . ...

... Basic Observables: Zero-differenced phase and code ionosphere-free combinations of global GNSS network stations, corrected by P1-C1 satellite code biases (cc2noncc), daily observations with 30 seconds sampling rate Sites coordinates : IGb08 reference frame coordinates and velocities Displacements: solid tides, ocean loading, pole tide loading (IERS 2010) Geometric model : Receivers antennas eccentricities, absolute receiver and ...

XmTel ----- XmTel is a Motif-based telescope control program developed by John Kielkopf (kielkopf@louisville.edu) to operate a telescope connected to a Linux computer system. ... About Epoch ----------- XmTel assumes that the telescope is set to "Epoch of Date", which means that it is using ideal celestial coordinates precisely aligned today. ... XmTel assumes that target coordinates entered from the keyboard are in the Epoch that the telescope coordinates are currently displayed in. ...

Next: Important parts of the Up: Overview of a Linux Previous: Overview of a Linux . A UNIX operating system consists of a kernel and some system programs . ... The system programs use the tools provided by the kernel to implement the various services required from an operating system. ... An operating system can also contain compilers and their corresponding libraries (GCC and the C library in particular under Linux), although not all programming languages need be part of the operating system. ...

dfos = Data Flow Operations System, the common tool set for DFO . ... T he daily workflow for processing of calibration data is completely automatic. The dfos tool autoDaily provides the incremental and automatic CALIB processing. ... Let's assume you want to process a complete set of data from night 2014-11-15. ... create report . ... create ABs: CALIB . ... For the simple operational model discussed here, we assume all steps to be executed interactively. ... CALIB : create ABs; filter data . ...

Stellarium 0.12.3 . ... Classes . ... ClassљList . ... gSatWrapper Class Reference . ... This operation update Epoch timestamp for gSatTEME object from Stellarium Julian Date. ... Vec3d љ . ... This operation isolate gSatTEME getPos operation. ... This operation isolate gSatTEME getVel operation. ... This operation compute the slant range (distance between the satellite and the observer) and its variation/seg. ... Reference to a output variable where the method store the slant range measured in Km . ...

... The operators will be explained as they are used. The general notion to keep in mind is that any combination of these operators results in a 2- D affine coordinate transformation in the TF plane, which may be represented using the homogeneous coordinates often used in computer graphicsfoley. ... S _t_c,f_c = g_t_c,f_c,(_t) | ... We denote a time shift to the position , with an operator that has a multiplicative law of composition : (Table 1). ... Note that these two operators do not commute. ...

... The design, fabrication and testing of a reliable, low-cost, multiplexed temperature measurement system with a resolution and stability approaching 0.01њ C is described. This system, with 176 temperature sensors, will be used to monitor the performance of a 3.5 m borosilicate mirror ventilation system. ... We have assembled and tested a simple and reliable temperature measurement system with 176 sensors and a differential drift over two weeks of less than 0.07њC peak to peak. ...

... The Science Operation Department is composed of Astronomers, Telescope Instruments Operators(TIOs) and Data Handling Administrators(DHAs). ... Astronomers have proposed several methods to quantitatively measure the amount of turbulence above the telescope, which the most common ones is Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM). In optical testing, the Hartmann test is the common method to test the quality of optical components. ... Hartmann mask consists of 48 lenses. ...

Peremennye Zvezdy", . ... V348 Aql, USNO-B1.0 0904-0422027 . ... Meinunger (1966) classified it as an eclipsing binary with a period very close to 1 day, noting however that the period and derived minima times were uncertain due to the low variability amplitude. As of July 2011, the O C gateway (Paschke Brat 2006; Paschke 2009) lists, in addition to Meinunger's photographic data, 2 visual and 3 CCD times of minima from Paschke (1988, 1996, 2006), Stepan (1995), Br t et al. ... Meinunger (1966) . ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... The Magazine . ... Observing . ... An artificial comet holds secrets to Earths life . ... Gravitational wave search provides insights into galaxy evolution and mergers . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... What is the difference between comets and asteroids? ... Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter. ...

... every new catalog of objects has to be contained in the UNIX directory having the same name as the catalog of objects; . ... the programs for local operations (programs of low level) with the catalog of objects are also in the same directory; . brief characteristics and names of the programs and file with the description of the catalog are stored in the file cats_descr ; . ... All astronomical catalogs have a different format and list different observables. ...

... ESA/NASA Solar Probe . ... Mission Operations . ... Ulysses is a solar probe launched in 1990 that has made the first-ever measurements of the Sun from a polar orbit. ... Formerly called the International Solar-Polar Mission (ISPM), Ulysses is an exploratory mission carried out jointly by ESA and NASA. ... NASA provided the launch aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery (together with the upper-stage motor) and the spacecraft power generator, and is responsible for the remaining experiments. ...

... LO frequencies were 1/2, 1/3 and 1/8 of signal frequency 75 GHz. ... But single junction SIS mixer has 30 dB input signal power range only [ll and it may decrease at high frequencies more than 200 GHz due to Josephson and 1 "switching" noise rise [2 e Our experiments show that subhurmonically pumped SIS mixer may have improved saturation power and reduced noise at high frequencies in some operation modes. ... 269 Fig.2 Quantum for LO and signal frequencies SIS operating mode. ...