... For SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) analysis, a solid surface is bombarded by primary ions of some keV energy. ... The subsequent mass analysis of the emitted ions provides detailed information on the elemental and molecular composition of the surface. ... Extremely short ion pulses with a duration below . ... By rastering a fine-focussed ion beam over the surface, like an electron beam in an electron microprobe, mass resolved secondary ion images (chemical maps) can be obtained...

... Chebyshev Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg, Russia . ... Steklov Mathematical Institute, Moscow, Russia . ... Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russia . ... The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA . ... CNRS, Laboratoire J.-V. Poncelet at the Independent University of Moscow, Moscow, Russia, . ... Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia . ... Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia . ... Ogarev Mordovian State University, Saransk, Russia . ...

Overall 2 % of the total available thermal energy in this region heats water for steam . How many years can this source provide power for electricity generation at the rate of 2000 MW every year? Total Capacity required is 2000 Mw per year/0.02 = 100,000 MW per year . ... 100,000 MW * yr = 10 5 MW *yr * 10 6 W/MW 3.15 x 10 7 secs/yr = . 3.15 x 10 18 W secs = 3.15 x 10 18 Joules each yr . ... 8x10 19 Joules / 3.15 x 10 18 Joules/yr = 26 years . ... Previous Lecture Next Lecture Course Page ...

... We are developing the following problems: a) combine optical and microwave technic to the indication of non-linear surface waves and wave breaking field; b) modelling of microwave propagation in a multiphase air-water interface; c) obtain quantitative dependencies of microwave radiation on geometry and statistics of wave breaking field in ocean surface; d) monitoring of ocean surface states using optical amd microwave airspace data sets. ... Important issue is spray and underwater bubbles. ...

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... Solar Mystery Nears Solution with Data from SOHO Spacecraft . Magnetic Carpet Space Science Update Page . The SOHO Spacecraft . ... The relationship between the structure of the magnetic carpet and the heating of the solar corona was discovered by comparing images of the Sun taken simultaneously by the MDI and EIT instruments on SOHO. Magnetic vs. ... These concentrations make up the solar "magnetic carpet" that is believed to be responsible for the extreme heating of the corona. ...

Point Spread Function . The OTA spherical aberration produces a Point Spread Function (PSF--the apparent surface brightness profile of a point source), as presented to the instruments, with broad wings. ... It shows the aberrated HST PSF, the WFPC2 PSF, and for comparison the PSF that would be obtained from a long integration if HST were installed at a ground based observatory with one arcsecond seeing. ... The WF/PC-1 core was approximately 50% broader than the core that is obtained with WFPC2). ...

PixelVision Inc. ... Soft X-ray Imaging Systems . ... Figure 1: Schematic of a Back-Illuminated CCD . ... To complete CCD thinning, the back surface must be specially "treated" or very low and very unstable responsivity will be exhibited. ... Figure 2: Back-illuminated CCD electron hole pair generation rate as a function of depth from back surface . X-ray detection occurs in a CCD when a high-energy primary x-ray dissipates its energy in the silicon of the back-illuminated CCD. ...

... The collecting area is increased by nesting concentric mirror pairs, all having the same focal length. ... Figure shows the largest optical element being ground at HDOS. ... X-ray testing demonstrated that the CXO mirrors are indeed the largest high-resolution X-ray optics ever made; the nominal effective area (based on the ground calibrations) is shown as a function of energy in the left panel of Figure , along with those of their Einstein and ROSAT predecessors. ...

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 On figure of a sublimating cometary nucleus Yu. D. Medvedev Institute of Applied Astronomy, St. Petersburg, Russia The problem of the change of the figure of a cometary nucleus when its matter is sublimating from the nucleus surface is considered. ... The evolution of the nucleus figure and rotational parameters is considered taking into account the dust component in the cometary matter. ... D. Evolution of form sublimating cometary nucleus. ...

... Future seminars . P a s t seminars . Seminar council . Analyse and Prediction of Catalytic Properties of Heat Shield Coatings by Molecular Dynamic Modeling." ... The heat fluxes to surfaces with different catalytic properties can differ by several times. ... The complexity of the problem of determining the catalytic properties of the surface is associated with the fact that there are no direct methods of measuring the recombination coefficients and chemical energy accommodation. ...