... Maxim Mokrousov and Anton Sanin for development of unique space neutron detector LEND and for new results of Moon studies by this instrument The President of Russian Federation Dmitry Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV has signed the decree on February 7, 2011, which awards the President Prize of 2010 for young scientists for achievements in science and innovations to Drs. ... This laboratory studies space and celestial bodies of solar system by experiments onboard spacecrafts using the methods of nuclear...
Jupiter's Europa Harbors Possible "Warm Ice" or Liquid Water . Tantalizing new images of Jupiter's moon Europa from NASA's Galileo spacecraft indicate that "warm ice" or even liquid water may have existed, and perhaps still exists today beneath Europa's cracked icy crust. ... This shows the ice crust has been or still is lubricated from below by warm ice or maybe even liquid water." ... We are interested in identifying the time and places on Europa where liquid water might exist. ...
The "ring of fire" seen by satellite cameras around the polar caps (picture below) is probably created by electrons leaking from the tail's plasma sheet, whose magnetic field lines form a somewhat imperfect trap. ... One possible explanation involves the close association between auroral arcs and electric currents which flow along field lines between the ionosphere and distant space ( Birkeland currents ). ... That produces an extra resistance to the flow of current. ...