Russia Mars Orbiter/Lander . The Mars 96 mission was launched on November 16, 1996. ... Mars 96 consisted of an orbiter, two soft landers, and two surface penetrators that were to be used to study the Red Planet. The orbiter include: 12 instruments; seven plasma measuring instruments; and three astrophysics instruments. ... The spacecraft was to create a high-resolution map of the surface and conduct measurements that would identify mineral deposits, surface composition, and crust structure. ...

... Astrophysics Group . ... Integration of the NIRSpec instrument . ... SKA AAVS0 array . ... One of the major milestones for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been, in September 2013, the completion by ESA of NIRSpec, the first multi-object spectrograph to be operated in space. ... Cambridge, and in particular the Cavendish Astrophysics Group and the Kavli Institute for Cosmology, is heavily involved in NIRSpec by hosting one of the Instrument Science Team members (R. Maiolino). ...

... Polish scientists at the Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, in Wroclaw, south-west Poland, have constructed an instrument called SphinX (short for Solar PHotometer In X-rays), which is an X-ray spectrophotometer, that will obtain spectra in the energy range 0.5--15 keV in 256 energy channels with frequency of up to 100 times a second. ... SphinX is part of a package of instruments known as TESIS (PI Prof. Sergei Kuzin, Lebedev Institute, Moscow). ... Space Research Centre, . ...

... Space Research Institute . ... Launched in 2011. Hend (short for High Energy Neutron Detector) instrument onboard Mars Odyssey mission (NASA) to study Martian surface composition and to search for water ice on the surface and in the upper layer of the regolith in particular. ... Mars Express (ESA) mission for Mars remote sensing. ... BTN-M ?1 for BTN-Neutron experiment for fast and thermal neutron studies onboard Service Module within Russian Orbital Segment of International Space Station (ISS). ...

Magnetic field measurements onboard the Interball Tail spacecraft are carried out by the FM-3I instrument which consists of two flux-gate magnetometers covering two different ranges: [-200, +200] nT and [-1000, +1000] nT. Besides scientific goals, the FM-3I experiment data is used to perform the attitude control of the Interball Tail spacecraft. ... August 22, 1995 . ... October 18, 1995 . Top of the page . ... Back to the Interball Home Page . ...

... The Science Operation Department is composed of Astronomers, Telescope Instruments Operators(TIOs) and Data Handling Administrators(DHAs). ... Astronomers have proposed several methods to quantitatively measure the amount of turbulence above the telescope, which the most common ones is Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM). In optical testing, the Hartmann test is the common method to test the quality of optical components. ... Hartmann mask consists of 48 lenses. ...

Stationary Shock Waves. ... Influence of Medium Ionization on Shock Wave Propagation. Shock Waves with Decays. ... Results of Classic Theory of Radiation of the Electron Moving in Ion Field. ... Classification and Physical Features of Galaxies. X-Radiation of Coronae of Elliptical Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies. ... Methods of Obtaining of Information about Physical Conditions and Components of Interstellar Medium. ... Ionization Fronts and Shock Waves in the Interstellar Medium. ...

... Over the last decade the uninterrupted, high-resolution coverage of the Sun both from the excellent range of telescopes aboard many spacecraft and from ground-based instruments has led to a wealth of observations of small-scale dynamic events observed from the chromosphere to the transition region and corona. ... SoHO observations have further characterized many transient features, such as bi-directional jets, blinkers, coronal jets, and bright points. ...

I work at the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center (CXC) . The CXC is part of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. ... I am the Chandra Observatory Mission Operations Manager, which includes duty as the Chandra Flight Director . ... High Resolution Camera (HRC) . ... HRC Higher-level Sequences . ... Dr. Michael Juda . Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics . ... HARVARD-SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS | ...

... NASA SPACECRAFT FINDS NEW EVIDENCE FOR WATER ICE ON MERCURY . ... The new data indicate the water ice in Mercury's polar regions, if spread over an area the size of Washington, D.C., would be more than 2 miles thick," said David Lawrence, a MESSENGER participating scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Md., and lead author of one of three papers describing the findings. ... Water ice concentrations are derived from the hydrogen measurements. ...

... News . ... Research areas . ... English News . ... In the spring of this year the scientists of Samara State Aerospace University (SSAU) will proceed to integrated exploration environment in the near-Earth space and its impact on the engineered materials of spacecraft. ... This spring it will be launched into space by the first carrier rocket from the new Russian space launcher complex Vostochniy. ... The equipment set is designed and manufactured in SSAU Institute of Space Device Engineering (ISDE)...

Target: Venus . The Soviet VEGA Spacecraft Two remarkable "busloads" of automated spacecraft were launched toward Venus by the Soviet Union in December of 1984. Each one contains three separate modules: one lander and one balloon-carried atmosphere probe to be dropped off at Venus in June, 1985, and one major package of instruments which will continue on to encounter Halley's Comet in March, 1986. ... Venus and Earth: A Comparison . Earth . ... in Earth days) . ... 243 Earth days . ...

... Executive scientist on object Ratan-600, Academician of RAS Parijski Y.N. Deputy director of SAO RAS on radiotelescope Ratan-600 Mingaliev M.G. Radio astronomy department . Radio astrophysics laboratory . Group for study of galaxies and cosmology . ... Laboratory of continuum radiometers . ... Group of continuum observations . Group of the Sun study . ... Laboratory of the Sun study . ... Feed cabin N1 . ... Schedule archive (Russian) . ... Observation data archive of RATAN-600 . ...

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

... WFIRST . ... Science Blog . ... WFIRST Overview . Science . ... Observations . ... Its wide-area, multicolor imaging survey, covering over 2,000 square degrees, will enable weak lensing shape and photometric redshift measurements of hundreds of millions of galaxies, which will in turn yield precise measurements of distances and matter clustering through measurements of cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing, and the abundance and mass profiles of galaxy clusters. ...

... GSAOI Home . Instrument . ... The Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager (GSAOI) is a near-infrared adaptive optics camera that will be used with the Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) system on the Gemini South 8-m telescope . ... Gemini's major instrumentation goal is to develop its Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) system for scientific use on Gemini South. ... Existing adaptive optics systems use a single natural guide star or artifical laser guide star to measure this image blur. ...

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... Antenna system . ... The Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar is one of the world's nine active radars which give the opportunity to investigate ionosphere by the incoherent scatter method. ... Antenna gain coefficient . ... Antenna . ... Two antennas . ... To get an idea what station "Dnepr" antenna system looks like, let us consider some of the radar views which are given by the photographs General view and Side view . ...

. Departement of Quantum Astrophysics . Head: Kurt V.G. , Prof. ultraviolet spectroscopy of planetary upper atmospheres and interplanetary/interstellar medium; . observations of gamma-bursts and optical identification of their sources; . long-base optical interferometry. Staff: .

... NOTE that this call also sets the state of the cal to the returned instrument. The and are obtained from respectively from the INSTRUME and DATE-OBS keywords of the dataset header. The is read from the RA_PNT , DEC_PNT and PA_PNT keywords (this is actually wrong, since the instrument attitude is what should be stored in these, not the spacecraft attitude). The boresight is then obtained for the exposure start time, and calculated by applying the boresight rotation to . ...