Since the days of Sputnik and Explorer 1, thousands of spacecraft have gone into space, some of them carrying human passengers. The first person to orbit the Earth was the Russian Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The first American to do so was John Glenn, who completed three orbits on February 20, 1962; more than 26 years later, at age 77, Glenn returned to space aboard the space shuttle. ... in orbit. ... Manned satellites include various " space stations " intended for long-term residence. ...

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... The first person to orbit the Earth was the Russian Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The first American to do so was John Glenn, who completed three orbits on February 20, 1962; more than 26 years later, at age 77, Glenn returned to space aboard the space shuttle. ... Any manned mission faces the problem of safe return to Earth, which requires getting rid of the huge amount of energy associated with orbital motion. A spacecraft in low Earth orbit moves at about 24 times the velocity of sound. ...

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• MAGION-4 Spacecraft (C2-X)
• Spacecraft that Explore Distant Space

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Concept Spacecraft . ... Monthly Sky Notes . ... October . ... By admin September 30, 2011 Posted in: Human Exploration . Gemini Spacecraft: The red and gold spheres in the Equipment Module are propellant tanks and the red cylinder in the nose is the parachute pack. ... Image credit: NASA) . ... Amazingly in 2011, an outfit called Space Operations Inc proposed launching updated Geminis (rebadged as Eclipse spacecraft) for commercial clients! ...

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• Concept Spacecraft | Astronotes - Part 2
• New Shepard: Blue Origin's Reusable Rocket | Astronotes
• Human Exploration | Astronotes - Part 5

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

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Mariner 10 . ... Mariner 10 was the seventh successful launch in the Mariner spacecraft series, and the first to use the gravitational pull of one planet ( Venus ) to reach another ( Mercury ). ... It measured 1.39 meters (4.56 feet) diagonally and 0.457 meters (1.5 feet) in depth. ... Views of Mariner 10 . ... Venus/Mercury Mission . ... Launched in November 1973, this mission provided new information about Mercury and Venus in the Mariner program's first dual-planet mission. ...

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• Galileo to Jupiter
• Magellan Mission to Venus
• Venera 5

Ground Support of RadioAstron . Control and Tracking Stations . RadioAstron satellite control (command transmission, telemetry, orbit measurements) will be conducted from Evpatoria and Bear Lake control stations. ... Coarse orbit measurements will be carried out from control stations. Each measurement takes ten minutes. ... Orbit measurements at tracking stations give only radial component of spacecraft velocity but the measurements are going continuously during observing sessions. ...

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... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... ISS Russian Segment . ... News . ... On Monday, December 21, RSC Energia specialists for the first time in the history of operation of the cargo and crew transportation spacecraft of Progress and Soyuz type ran a communications session with the new-series spacecraft Progress MS via a relay satellite. ... RSC Energia: Progress MS-02 docked with the ISS.' ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

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• S.P.Korolev RSC Energia - LAUNCHERS
• RSC "Energia" - History
• S.P. Korolev RSC Energia - International Space Station

... SSAU History . ... The Ground Control Complex for Small Spacecraft of Samara State Aerospace University took control of the satellites Aist-1 . ... The data received from SSAU scientific equipment on board of the satellites Aist-1 was processed by the engineers of the Rocket and Space Centre and then was transferred to the university scientists. ... On April 19, 2013 the first small spacecraft Aist-1 was launched from the space-launch complex Baykonur together with a research satellite Bion-M No. ...

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• System of zero gravity state on the spacecraft 'Photon M4'
• International Conference "Scientific and technological experiments on automatic
• SSAU scientists continue to prepare for the first launch campaign from the

JSC History . ... NASA History . ... Space Shuttle: 1981 to 2011 . NASA's Space Shuttle orbiters were the first spacecraft capable of routinely launching into orbit like rockets and then returning to Earth as gliders. ... http://www.nasa.gov/agency/crm/shuttle/index.html . ... http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/sts-r.htm . ... http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/shuttle_pk/pk/Flight_001_STS-001_Press_Kit.pdf . ... http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/shuttle_pk/shuttle_press.htm . ...

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• Astronaut Bio: Stephen K. Robinson (07/2012)
• Astronaut Bio: Peter J. K. Wisoff 11/2001
• Astronaut Bio: John E. Blaha (05/2008)

. The XMM-Newton website has moved to the following location: . http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton

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• satvelsrc: SATellite VELocity in SouRCe direction
• Home Page

Target: Venus . The Soviet VEGA Spacecraft Two remarkable "busloads" of automated spacecraft were launched toward Venus by the Soviet Union in December of 1984. Each one contains three separate modules: one lander and one balloon-carried atmosphere probe to be dropped off at Venus in June, 1985, and one major package of instruments which will continue on to encounter Halley's Comet in March, 1986. ... Venus and Earth: A Comparison . Earth . ... in Earth days) . ... 243 Earth days . ...

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• ASP: Up, Up, and Away
• ASP: Miranda: A Jigsaw Puzzle World
• ASP: Good Astronomy Activities on the WWW

Instrument . ... Scanning TV-sensor with on-board data recording system for global coverage mode . ... recording, direct transmission . ... IR-radiometer for global coverage and direct data transmission modes . ... The scientific instrument package onboard the Meteor-3 spacecraft provides for regular instant acquisition of images of cloudiness and Earth surface in visible and infra-red bands, data on air temperature and humidity, sea surface temperature and clouds temperature. ...

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NASA Press Release Text - June 24, 1996 GALILEO READY FOR CLOSE FLYBY OF JUPITER'S BIGGEST MOON Now residing in orbit around Jupiter, NASA's Galileo spacecraft is primed for its first close flyby of Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, at 2:29 a.m. EDT on June 27, 1996. ... In the days just before and after the Ganymede flyby, Galileo's other studies will include a search for auroral activity on Jupiter's nightside and observations of other Jovian moons: Io, Europa and Callisto. ...

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• APOD: May 18, 1997 - The First Explorer
• APOD: February 10, 1996 - The First Explorer
• APOD: February 6, 1999 - The First Explorer

... solar system . ... NASA launches satellite to study how Sunт??s atmosphere is energized . ... NASA s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) spacecraft launched June 26 at 10:27 p.m. EDT from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. ... IRIS is a NASA Explorer Mission to observe how solar material moves, gathers energy, and heats up as it travels through a little-understood region in the Sun s lower atmosphere. ... Only registered members of Astronomy.com are allowed to comment on this article. ...

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• Spacecraft begins collecting lunar atmosphere data | Astronomy.com
• First spacecraft to orbit Mercury carries University of Michigan device |
• NASA prepares for launch of next solar satellite | Astronomy.com

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

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• University Satellites and Space Science Education '2006
• University Satellites and Space Science Education '2006 I

... Mercury: Closest Planet to the Sun . ... The Sun Erupts . ... Space Shuttle Atlantis lands at Edwards Air Force Base in California. ... The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was the most massive instrument ever launched by a NASA Space Shuttle and continues to revolutionize gamma-ray astronomy. ... Space Shuttle Challenger jumps off the launch pad in 1985 to begin a successful mission. ... Space Shuttle Discovery launches while the Space Shuttle Columbia is readied for a future mission. ...

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Next: THE SCHED INPUT FILES Up: INFORMATION AND ADVICE ON Previous: Configuration Studies Contents . ... The NAIF software package from JPL is called to read the spice files and calculate positions. The NAIF software significantly increases the size of a SCHED distribution, and the satellite tracking capability is unlikely to be needed outside the AOC. ... To use the tracking capability, a Satellite Initialization section needs to be included in the main input file. ...

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... Data access . ... Updated data on the current orientation of the spacecraft Coronas-Photon in the ecliptic coordinate system. ... Data are updated 4 times a day. download the data for three months . download the data for all time . download the data for three months . ... The TESIS observatory (LPI) . TESIS: www.tesis.lebedev.ru . 1953-2016 Laboratory of X-ray astronomy of the Sun, LPI RAS, Russia . ... 7(499)132-65-96, Fax: +7(499)132-65-97 . ...

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• Solar Satellites - towards the Sun - TESIS photo gallery
• Best images of the TRACE spacecraft - TESIS photo gallery
• CORONAS-PHOTON spacecraft docking with the rocket Cyclon - TESIS photo gallery

... In an unprecedented space collision, a commercial Iridium communications satellite and a presumably defunct Russian Cosmos satellite ran into each other Tuesday above northern Siberia, creating a cloud of wreckage, officials said today. ... The international space station does not appear to be threatened by the debris, they said, but it's not yet clear whether it poses a risk to any other military or civilian satellites. ... International Year of Astronomy, Ireland National Node . ...

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• Small-Scale Dynamic Events in the Solar Atmosphere
• Scattering of Irregular Satellite Groups
• Irregular Satellite Research

... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Bad Astro Store . ... Site Info . ... It is from from Voyager 1 and shows a whopping big impact crater dominating the profile of the moon. Note that Mimas is about 400 kilometers across (about 250 miles). ... The wall around the crater is 5 kilometers high, and that central peak rises 6 kilometers above the surface (many impact craters have a large central peak which is caused by a pressure rebound from the impact). ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

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