... 23a. The Centrifugal Force . ... You can also view this problem from the point of view of the outside world, using the centripetal force, but it is not as easy. At point A, on the top of the loop, both gravity and the centripetal force point downwards. ... A car going around a loop, with radius R and velocity V, is accelerating at a rate of V 2 /R towards the center (as long as it stays on the rails), and is therefore subject to a centripetal force mV 2 /R, also directed to the center. ...

... The choice of which type of electricity is called "positive" and which "negative" was made around 1750 by Ben Franklin, early American scientist and man of many talents (the stamp on the left commemorates his role as first US postmaster--and colonial postmaster before that). ... Franklin knew of two types of electric charge, depending on the material one rubbed. ... Later, when electric batteries were discovered, scientists naturally assigned the direction of the flow of current to be from (+) to (-...

slitless -- Extract a spectrum from a direct/GRISM image pair slitless image grism output PARAMETERS . ... A two dimensional direct image to be used to select an object. grism . A two dimensional GRISM image containing slitless spectra of objects present in the direct image. output . ... Toggle whether or not a background estimate is subtracted from the extracted object spectrum. mingood = INDEF . Pixels of the grism image with values smaller than this are ignored. maxgood = INDEF . ...

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... Magnetic fragment behaviour Note A bipolar region was involved. ... Negative fragments form the arrowhead and positive ones distribute in the south-north direction. ... The middle part of the positive fragments moves towards the western part of the negative fragments. A few negative fragments in the west move towards the southern part of the positive fragments. ... Meanwhile, the western part of the negative fragments moves towards the southern part of the positive fragments. ...

... When feed is rotated over the tertiary: . ... z is toward the tertiary from the focus position . ... angle : Center of rotation is about the optical axis. range 0 to 360 degrees (minus a few degrees for the limits) . ... CW when sitting on the tertiary looking up at the dipoles. radius : moves in the x,y plane along the direction that the angle currently points . ... Dipole positions : . ... D1 is at the center of the dipole array. processing: x101/projects/byuPhAr/idl/doplotoff.pro . ...