We explore variations in dust emission within the edge-on Sd spiral galaxy NGC 4631 using 3.6-160 ЮМm Spitzer Space Telescope data and 450-850 ЮМm JCMT data with the goals of understanding the relation between PAHs and dust emission, studying the variations in the colors of the dust emission, and searching for possible excess submillimeter emission compared to what is expected from dust models extrapolated from far-infrared wavelengths. ...

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... Z Machine Sets Unexpected Earth Temperature Record . ... Credit: Z Machine Collaboration , Sandia National Lab , Lockheed Martin , NNSA, DOE Explanation: Why is this plasma so hot? ... The plasma reached a temperature in excess of two billion Kelvin , making it the hottest thing ever in the history of the Earth and, for a brief time, hotter than the interiors of stars. ... Vertical wires give the Z Machine its name. ... Публикации с ключевыми словами: temperature - plasma - температура - Плазма . ...

... 2006 March 13 . Z Machine Sets Unexpected Earth Temperature Record . ... The plasma reached a temperature in excess of two billion Kelvin , making it arguably the hottest human made thing ever in the history of the Earth and, for a brief time, hotter than the interiors of stars. ... During the unexpected powerful contained explosion, the Z machine released about 80 times the world's entire electrical power usage for a brief fraction of a second. ... About APOD | ...

... Energy Levels . ... Radiation from . Hot Objects . ... Instead he wanted to explain the continuous spectrum emitted by hot solids--also known as " black body spectrum " because it is supposedly emitted by an ideal hot object ("black body") whose structure gives no special preference to any color (as happens with green grass, blue jeans and red bricks). ... A "black body spectrum" is also expected in light from hot dense gases, where strong energy exchange exists among frequently colliding atoms. ...

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The Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Statistic . This statistic enables us to test whether observed frequencies are close to . those we would expect. ... Expected frequencies . ... For example, if we . have an honest die we would expect 1/6 of all cases to show any of . ... So, for example, if we roll a die 60 times we would expect : . ... If we actually roll a die 60 times we wouldn't expect each of the faces . ... times each face actually comes up is the observed frequency for that face. ...

Next: A Gravitational Wave Map Previous: Critical Frequencies and Gravitational . In this section we consider the GWB spectrum as such, that is, we study how dimensionless strain metric amplitude h is dependent on frequency. For a sample of N independent binaries emitting GW at a given frequency the net result is . ... are, respectively, effective distance to the sample and effective mass of the binaries (in solar units) producing the GW radiation at the frequency . ...

... PROBLEMS: "Unknown" (i.e. no physics model) components; What's a "Good-Enough-Fit" (e.g. Poisson)? ... ASIDE: MULTI-SCALE FOR POISSON - called Multiplicative Multiscale Innovation Models MMI Slides courtesy of R.Willett, SAMSI 2006 Timmermann Nowak, 1999 Kolaczyk, 1999 ASIDE: MULTI-SCALE FOR POISSON - called Multiplicative Multiscale Innovation Models MMI Slides courtesy of R.Willett, SAMSI 2006 Timmermann Nowak, 1999 Kolaczyk, 1999 ASIDE: MULTI-SCALE FOR ...

Next: Hierarchical Wiener filtering Up: Noise reduction from Previous: The convolution from . Let us consider a measured wavelet coefficient at the scale i . We assume that its value, at a given scale and a given position, results from a noisy process, with a Gaussian distribution with a mathematical expectation , and a standard deviation : . ... We get: . ... This is done from the study of the variation of the noise between two scales, with an hypothesis of a white gaussian noise; . ...

... I.A.Dynnikov, Three-page approach to knot theory. ... Universal semigroup, Funktsional'nyi Analiz I Prilozhenija, 34 (2000), no.1, 29-40 (Russian); English translation in Functional Analysis and Its Appl. 34 (2000), no.1, 24-32. I.A.Dynnikov, Finitely presented groups and semigroups in knot theory. ... Math. 2000, no. ... English translation: Russian Math. ... A.Vershik, Numerical invariants of exponential groups, and a locally free approximation of braid groups (in Russian), Zapiski Nauchn. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... History . Brief History of Rocket and Space Technology . ... ISS Russian Segment . ... ISS 45/46 . ... Experiments and Researches from 2013 . ... Defining the in-flight relationship between changes in the eye structure, state of its blood vessels and sense of vision and movement of fluids to the head, sizes of the blood vessels and blood flow types. ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

XMM-Newton CCF Release Note XMM-CCF-REL-192 EPIC MOS response S.F. Sembay, R.D. Saxton 19 August 2005 1 CCF components Name of CCF VALDATE EVALDATE Blocks changed XSCS ag EMOS1 REDIST 0057.CCF 2001-11-25 2002-05-01 CCD REDISTRIBUTION-n NO EMOS1 REDIST 0058.CCF 2002-05-01 2002-11-07 CCD REDISTRIBUTION-n NO EMOS1 REDIST 0059.CCF 2002-11-07 2004-01-01 CCD REDISTRIBUTION-n NO EMOS1 ... A core region centred on a point between the two boresights where EPIC-pn and RGS are prime. ...

The overall efficiency (including atmospheric transmission, reflectivity of the telescope mirrors and overall efficiency of the optics and of the detector) for broad-band imaging should be about 25% in H and K, and about 15% in J. The main noise source for both broad- and narrow-band imaging should be the photon noise associated to the background+source flux. ... Flat fielding (and possibly background subtraction) might increase the noise by a factor 2 ? ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

... The distribution of galactic RCB stars is controversial. Several authors have argued that they belong to a thick galactic disk, and are thus old Population I stars. ... However, their distribution and space velocities suggest they may alternatively belong to the even older galactic bulge (Population II, [ Drilling 1986 ]). ... These are the only RCB stars for which a distance is known and hence for which an absolute magnitude can be deduced. ...

... These are ``quirks'' rather than ``bugs''. Below is a list of quirks. When loading a file and ``Reset Intensity Upon File Load'' is disabled, the intensity range of the previous image will be used. ... When moving between two images (such as when blinking, or when loading a new image), the display system attempts to retain the old image parameters (i.e. zoom box). What is retained are the corners of the zoom box measured in image pixel co-ordinates, not world co-ordinates. ...

... Galaxies 99 Cosmic background with model of cloudy interstellar medium Yu. ... Figure 1: Averaged spectrum of the cosmic background I f in frequency range 0.25 200 MHz for the Galactic poles. ... First interpretation of the cosmic noise background spectrum at broad band frequency range 0.25 200 MHz with a model of the cloudy interstellar medium ISM is presented here. ... Synthesized background spectra I f for regions of the Galactic poles at the frequency range 0.25 200 MHz is presented in Fig. ...

Astronomy Discussion Forums . ... I Expected More Sense Than That. ... Post Message | ... Posted by Richard D. Stafford, Ph.D. on November 8, 2002 04:14:05 UTC . ... You are missing the point - harvey1 - November 8, 2002 - 13:10 UTC . I hope Stafford doesn't mind my intruding his forum - mrsouza - November 8, 2002 - 14:55 UTC . ... www.astronomy.net . ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Spinning interstellar dust grains produce detectable rotational emission in the 10-100 GHz frequency range. A partial alignment of grains arises from a newly-discovered e ect termed \resonance relaxation" and therefore the emission is polarized at a few per- cent level. I shall discuss the expected properties of the emission spectrum and the degree to which this emission is expected to interfere with the attempts to measure properties of CMB. ...