... Spacecraft . ... To space by cannon? Finally, the deep space explorers --spacecraft which break away from the Earth's gravity . ... The "Luna" series of the USSR conducted 7 soft landing of unmanned probes, two of them with wheeled robotic "Lunokhods," and two of those missions returned samples to Earth. Others spacecraft have visited the major planets of the Solar system. ... The Mariner series have explored Venus and Mars--and Mariner 10 even reached Mercury, for three separate encounters! ...

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• FAQ: "Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere"
• Planetary Swing-by and the Pelton Turbine
• The Answer Man--arranged by subject

... More on 51 Peg: . The discovery of a Jupiter--mass planet in orbit around the solar--type star 51Peg has been reported by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz (Geneva Observatory) on October 6th at the 9th Cambridge workshop on "cool stars, stellar systems, and the sun" held at Florence (Italy). ... Recall that the measurements of radial velocity only yield v sin i which in turn gives us M sin i. For most values of i, sin i will be greater than 0.5 and this gives a mass estimate of 0.5 Jupiter masses. ...

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• The Three Planet System

Circling around magnetic field lines. ... The ring current . Because positive ions and negative electrons drift in opposite directions (see drawing), that motion will create an electric current that circulates clockwise around the Earth when viewed from north. ... How then can the radiation belt and ring current arise? ... Electric fields are able to push trapped particles earthward, and unlike the purely magnetic motion described earlier, an electric field can also energize them. ...

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• Newton's theory of "Universal Gravitation"
• Lagrangian Points
• Magnetosphere [Oulu]

... The study of extra solar planets will be one of the most important areas of research in astronomy in this century. ... The first planets outside the solar system were found in 1992 around the millisecond pulsar PSR B1257+12 by Alex Wolszczan at the Arecibo Observatory . ... Three space missions based on this principle (MOST, COROT and Kepler ) have already been launched or approved, and have the last one at least has the potential to find Earth-sized planets. ... SIM ( NASA ) is one of such missions...

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With this knowledge of orbits, we are ready to plan a trip to Mars. ... The spacecraft will already have the 107,000 kilometers per hour (66,500 miles per hour) speed of Earth, whereas Mars moves at only 86,900 kilometers per hour (53,900 miles per hour). ... A speed of about 42,000 kilometers per hour will be enough to escape the Earth's gravity and, when added to the Earth's orbital speed around the Sun, put the spacecraft on a Hohmann transfer orbit to the Red Planet. ... 1,570,000 . ... Earth . ...

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• ASP: Good Astronomy Activities on the WWW
• ASP: Miranda: A Jigsaw Puzzle World
• ASP: A Good Definition of the Word "Planet": Mission Impossible?

... How much brighter is the Sun as viewed from the planet Mercury as compared to Earth ? ... Actually, all of these questions can be answered through a very simple mathematical relationship known as the inverse square law. ... As the distance from the Sun increases the surface area of the sphere grows by the square of the distance. ... Common sense tells us that the Sun will be brighter and the inverse square law tells us how much brighter. ... gr = 0.912 G or 91.2% gravity felt at Earth's surface. ...

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• The Planet Jupiter
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Mariner 10

... The discovery of giant Jupiter-type planets in a close proximity to 51 Peg, Boo, and And has prompted the question of where the planets could be formed in the circumstellar disks of solar-type stars. ... Planet formation, at distance of ~0.05 AU from the star, requires that the temperature of the circumstellar protoplanetary disk is low enough for the condensation of rocky materials, and the surface density is sufficiently high. ...

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• HST this week: 296
• XO Project
• Research Interests

God Science Forum Message . ... God and Science | ... Pluto Is Not A Planet, But A Moon Of Neptune. ... Pluto Is Not a Planet, but a Moon of Neptune . 60 years ago, at 1947, the late Mohammed Ali Hassan Al-Hilly, said in his book: (The Universe and the Quran), that Pluto is not a planet but a moon of Neptune. ... He said: " Astronomers, however, think that Pluto is a planet, but I say it is merely a moon of Neptune, and actually it is not a planet. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ...

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• Gravity Of Planets Mass - an Astronomy Net Gravity Forum Message
• Planet Science, AstroGuide Listing
• Astronomy articles, forums, listings, and other resources about Astronomy.

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Precession and free core nutation of neutron stars A. Gusev, I. Kitiashvili Kazan University, Russia In 1992 Wolszczan and Frail discovered a planetary system around the pulsar PSR 1257+12 [1]. ... Third case: the most likely possibility is the free precession of the pulsar with a rigid 81 neutron star. ... It is known that rotation of the terrestrial planets having rigid mantle and elliptical liquid core is characterized by Free Core Nutation (FCN). ...

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• http://www.ipa.nw.ru/conference/2002/sovet/PS/BENEST.PS

... Image courtesy of Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute . ... There are already 29 multi-planet extrasolar planetary systems discovered (including this last one), so what makes this particular system unique? ... International Year of Astronomy, Ireland National Node . ...

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• Searching for Planets Around Other Stars - from Galway: Monday 13 October 2008
• Planetary Systems Research at Armagh
• Armagh Astropark: The Planets

... Neptune in Infrared . ... Neptune is the eighth most distant planet from the Sun, thirty times the Earth-Sun distance. ... The Magnetic Carpet Of The Sun . ... Its visible surface appears to be carpeted with tens of thousands of magnetic north and south poles joined by looping field lines which extend outward into the Solar Corona. ... NGC 2261: Hubbles Variable Nebula . ... Earth's North Magnetic Pole . ... A magnetic compass does not point toward the true North Pole of the Earth. ...

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... News Research . ... Expert in the characterisation of magnetic activity and the coronae of slowly rotating (solar-type) and planet-hosting stars. ... Characterising the spectra of M dwarfs in the optical and NIR and studying the effects of strong magnetic fields. ... Experienced in modelling the coronae of planet-hosting cool stars and currently mapping magnetic fields in young pre-main sequence stars using HARPS spectropolarimetric data. ... Space Girls Space Women - Gaitee . Science Fuse . ...

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• High Resolution HST Images of Pluto and Charon (ESO Press Release 09/94)
• Planets shepherding material into a narrow ring around Fomalhaut | ESO

... Planets . ... Earth Satellites . ... The newly discovered ?mega-Earth? ... Its sibling, the lava world Kepler-10b, is in the background (the two planets? proximity is grossly exaggerated) .€а Kepler-10c has a diameter of about 29 000 km, 2.3 times as large as Earth, and weighs 17 times as much. ... The first mega-earth to be discovered is Kepler-10c which orbits a star lying about 560 light years from the Sun in the constellation Draco. ... Astronomers Find a New Type of Planet: The ?Mega-Earth? ...

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• Exoplanet HAT-P-1b: weird, warm and fuzzy | Astronotes
• Most Earth-like exoplanet found by ESO | Astronotes
• Kepler 36b and c: Too Close for Comfort | Astronotes

. Previous slide . Next slide . Back to first slide . View graphic version .

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• Gravity correlates with Size
• University Problem Based Learning Exercises for Teaching Astronomy and Physics
• Answers: Assignment 3

... SATELLITE: An object that revolves around a planet. ... SIDEREAL DAY: The length of a planet's rotation period relative to the stars. SOLAR SYSTEM: The sun and all the objects that are held in its gravitational field and move around it. ... SUPERIOR CONJUNCTION: The position of a planet when it is on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth (thus making in invisible). ... TRANSIT: The movement of an object between the Earth and the Sun and showing on the surface of the sun as a black dot. ...

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• Planets and Moons
• Astronomical Glossary - J thru M

The space between the planets is far from empty. It contains: electromagnetic radiation (photons); hot plasma (electrons, protons and other ions) a.k.a. the solar wind ; cosmic rays; microscopic dust particles; and magnetic fields (primarily the Sun's). While the Sun 's radiation is obvious, the other components of the interplanetary medium were not discovered until very recently. ... Except near some of the planets, interplanetary space is filled with the Sun's magnetic field. ... Sun .. ...

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• APOD: 2005 June 14 - Gliese 876 System Includes Large Terrestrial Planet
• APOD: 2006 August 28 - Eight Planets and New Solar System Designations
• APOD: January 31, 1996 - Planets Around Sun-Like Stars

The radiation belts around the planets are the interrnal regions of planets' magnetospheres where the own magnetic field of a planet keeps the charged particles (protons and electrons) having the great kinetic energy. ... They usually distinguish the Earth's internal and external radiation belts. the internal radiation belt of the Earth has the maximum particles density (mainly protones) over the equator in the height of 22 thousand km. ... Jupiter and Saturn have the powerful radiation belts. ...

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• greatopeningse
• urane
• venerae

... Bad Astronomy . Misconceptions . ... Bad Astronomy : The Moon only shows one face to us because it is not rotating. Better astronomy : The Moon only shows one face because it is rotating, once every time it revolves around the Earth. ... Place the Moon model on the table about 30 centimeters (one foot) away with the X facing the Earth model. ... You'll see that to keep the X facing the Earth model, you have to rotate the Moon model as it goes around the Earth model . ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

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• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Mad Science
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bitesize Astronomy
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bad News

In ancient times the solar system was thought to be the whole Universe, so the study of planetary motions was cosmology. ... The planets other than the Moon and Sun generally move West to East through the stars, but occasionally stop and move in the opposite direction ( retrograde motion). In order to explain the retrograde motion of the planets, the geocentric model of the Solar System shown above puts the planets on small circles called epicycles . ...

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... Great oppositions. ... Proxima Centauri. ... Scientists proved that the problem of preserving the Earth's climate and the annual change of seasons can be solved by a small star, negligible mass, but similar to a main-sequence star, moving in a circular orbit around the Sun. ... Sombrero Galaxy. The Sombrero Galaxy, M104, is known as a holder of one of supermassive black holes. ... Roughly estimate the approximate mass of the supermassive black hole in the center of M104 (answer in solar masses m). ...

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• http://www.issp.ac.ru/iao/apao/2014/problems/pages01-02_ap14_t_en_a.pdf
• http://www.issp.ac.ru/iao/apao/2014/problems/pages03-04_ap14_t_en_b.pdf