... The magnetic field of the Earth has been investigated by satellites for several decades now, and enough of it is known to model its average strength and shape during different levels of overall magnetic activity. Presently the most used empirical global magnetic field models are the Tsyganenko models (1987, 1989) , referred to as T87 and T89, respectively, although even these consist of several submodels. ... Earth's magnetic field from T89c model during Kp=2 for different seasons. ... Res. ...

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Geomagnetic storms and substorms are a natural hazard similar to hurricanes, floods etc. ... Solar and geomagnetic activity also probably influences the Earth's climate and human health. ... Under southward directed IMF the Earth's magnetosphere is open to input from the solar wind flow. ... Since practical importance of solar wind measurements was recognized, a number of approaches was developed for prediction of the geomagnetic activity basing on the solar wind data. ...

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You may see figures of this paper below... or download the whole paper in PostScript or LaTeX source , everything compressed by ZIP. LaTeX notes: you would need some specific LaTeX styles . See CS-11 HomePage for more. Figures are in EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) format to be inserted using software like dvips . You can download these files via ftp. If you use GIF format, choose "Save Image As..." on the images below, or click here: first and second . Figure 1. ...

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... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

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home education > activities . ... Quick math activity that asks students to calculate scale models of a binary star system with a black hole in it. [h] . ... Students use a radiometer and a light bulb with a dimmer switch to make connections between the temperature, color, and radiation output of a star. ... This demonstration, similar to the above, from the Exploratorium Snack-book of science activities, lets students demonstrate how molecules scatter light and change the colors of the beam. [m,h] . ...

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Chromospheric line blanketing and the Hydrogen spectrum in M dwarfs C. I. Short J. G. Doyle We present non-LTE calculations of the H I spectrum in a grid of chromospheric models that represents a dM0 star in which the activity level ranges from quiescent to very active. ... We show that the predicted EW of Ly alpha in all models is reduced by as much as a factor of ~4, and that of H alpha in very active (dMe) stars is enhanced by a factor of about two by the inclusion of background line opacity. ...

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Paolo Padovani , II Universit di Roma , Paolo Giommi , ASI, SDC and Fabrizio Fiore, ASI, SDC and Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma . Original Version: MNRAS, (1997), 284, 569 . Text copyright (c) 1997. ... We study the X-ray spectra of 114 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) using the hardness ratios as given in the WGA catalogue of ROSAT sources. ... We find that FSRQ have a distribution of energy spectral indices ranging between 0 and 3 with a mean value alpha_x ~ 1. ... Figure 1 (13kb) . ...

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Minutes of the INTAS meeting, Amsterdam, October 28 2000. ... After this, the different groups participating in the INTAS programme presented their interests and expertise within the light scattering context. ... Karine Chamaillard (Paris, not formally taking part in INTAS): light scattering of rough surface spherical particles, DDA method. ... The meeting then proceeded with a discussion on possible projects to be done within the coming 6 months to 1 year. ... Amsterdam, October 30, 2000 Rens Waters ...

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... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

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Solar High Resolution Studies . ... Dynamic magnetic fields continuously emerging from the solar interior on a wide range of scales, and their interaction with convectively-driven plasma flows, play a major role in shaping the whole solar atmosphere. Even though the fundamental spatial scales of turbulence and magnetic fields are still unreachable with present-day telescopes, polarimetric observations at the highest possible resolution will allow important insights into these issues. ...

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Multi-Wavelength investigations of the Sun and modern problems of solar activity . SAO RAS . ... The conference goal is to present and discuss achievements in the field of experimental and theoretical investigations of a solar activity. Analysis of the 23d solar activity cycle and connections with the Space Weather. ... Solar activity and disturbances of the solar wind and cosmic rays. Modern observational methods for solar investigations. ... Copyright © 2006 SAO RAS . ... RAS | ...

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Russian . ... text in Russian) . ... The Behaviour of the Bz Component of the Magnetic Field in Coronal Mass Ejections . ... Cooperation of IZMIRAN and Sternberg Astronomical Institute in the Study of the Sublimational Component of the Solar Coronal Radiation . ... Solar Wind and Magnetic Storms in the 24th Solar Activity Cycle . ... text in English) . ... The Solar Corona in the Light of TRACE Observations . ... Expeditions of Irkutsk Astronomers to Total Solar Eclipses in 1981--2012 . ...

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Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo of Russian Academy of Sciences PUL Analysis Center Pulkovo IVS Analysis Center (PUL) 2009 Annual Rep ort Zinovy Malkin, Natalia Miller, Elena Popova Abstract This report briefly presents the PUL IVS Analysis Center activities during 2009 and plans for the coming year. The main topics of the investigations of PUL staff in that period were ICRF related studies, computation and analysis of EOP series, and VLBI2010 related issues. ...

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... This book uses many authentic sources such as factual texts, newspaper articles, features and TV schedules, instruction manuals, everyday signs, stories, quizzes, emails and diary entries. ... Чернила для принтера HP HP Photosmart 425. цвета: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, емкость баночек - по 100 мл. ...

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Each point in this graph represents one star in NGC 2808. The vertical axis represents the brightness (as measured through Hubble's near-infrared F814W filter) of the stars (the brightest stars near the top). The horizontal axis represents the colours of the stars, with bluer stars to the left and redder to the right (blue magnitude minus near-infrared magnitude). ...

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