... Newton's Laws . ... If object A exerts a force F on object B, . then object B exerts an equal and opposite force ?F on object A" . ... There exists a whole set of situations where two equal and opposite forces act on the same object, canceling each other so that no acceleration (or even no motion) occurs. ... It is all in Newton's third law: as your legs propel your body towards the dock, they also apply to the boat an equal force in the opposite direction, which pushes it away from the dock. ...

Galileo showed convincingly that heavy objects fell no faster that light ones. ... If an iron ball was pulled down with a much greater force than a wooden one of the same size, why didn't it fall any faster? ... 1) It is harder to lift. ... It is the fact that the loaded wagon has a greater mass that gives it a larger inertia , a larger tendency to oppose any change in its state of rest or of constant motion in a straight line. ... One important quantity was the body mass of the astronauts. ...

We critique the method of constructing extinction curves of lensing galaxies, using multiply imaged QSOs. If one of the two QSO images is lightly reddened, or if the dust along both sight lines has the same properties, then the method works well and produces an extinction curve for the lensing galaxy. ... Instead, it is a measurement of the difference between two extinction curves. ... The resulting lens difference curve is not an average of the dust along the two sight lines. ...

... To access the measures do the following. ... Each of them can be either a scalar quantity with a scalar or vector for its actual value (see the following example):: from pyrap.quanta import quantity dm.epoch('utc','today') # note that your value will be different {'m0': {'unit': 'd', ' value ': 55147.912709756973}, 'refer': 'UTC', 'type': 'epoch'} dm.direction(' j2000 ','5h20m','-30.2deg') {'m0': {'unit': ' rad ', ' value ': 1.3962634015954634}, 'm1': {'unit': ' ...

The VIRGO project is a physics experiment; its aim is the detection of gravitational waves. ... It has not yet been possible to detect directly the gravitational waves: it remains one of the major challenges of experimental physics. ... Interferometric antennas for gravitational waves Gravitational waves distort space-time: along two perpendicular directions, the distances between fixed points will increase (resp. decrease), at the arrival of a gravitational wave. ... Publications from our Group . ...

... The visible power a source emits in all directions is measured in lumens. ... Solid Angle- . ... The solid angle of a light cone is the projected area of the cone divided by the total surface area of the sphere. A solid angle is measured in steradians, where 1 steradian corresponds to the solid angle su btended by a cone of unit slant height and unit projected area. ... Luminous intensity is the flow of luminous energy, or lumens, per steradian. ... This is the rate of flow (lumens) per unit area. ...

... Clearing the library. Note the different flooтАж . Sidebar Left . Sidebar Top . ... Title: Clearing the library. Note the different floor levels. There were at least 4 different levels of underfloor in the library. Description: NOTE: All images and movies are copyright and must not be reproduced or mirrored in any form without written permission. ... NOTE: All images and movies are copyright and must not be reproduced or mirrored in any form without written permission. ...

... 2000 October 19 . The Farthest Explosion Yet Measured . ... What is known is that satellites across our Solar System reported on 2000 January 31 a tremendous explosion of gamma rays had occurred towards some previously uninteresting direction. ... The VLT not only recorded an optical counterpart , shown above , but also was able to estimate that the cosmologically-induced redshift was an astonishing 4.5 -- placing GRB000131 farther across the universe than any explosion so measured. ...

... Variations in water level along coastlines can be used to drive turbines technology is the same as low-head hydro power . ... Tidal facility produces about 1/3 the electrical energy of a hydro facility of the same peak capacity . Two tidal plants in the world: . ... Bottom Line: There aren't many favorable sites in the world for tidal power and the estimated capacity is 50 times smaller than the world's hydroelectric power capacity. ... Previous Lecture Next Lecture Course Page ...

... Computing the pointing error . ... The platform can be rotated by pulling on the tie downs or redistributing weight on the platform. ... The horn rotates through the same angle as the platform. ... The plots show the computed pointing error for different platform rotation angles (.ps) ( .pdf ): . This shows the pointing error in as you tilt the platform. ... B2209+080 has the pointing errors with no tilt. ... The computed pointing error for a platform tilt track the measured errors pretty well. ...

... Watchouts . ... Calibration . ... This degradation is linear and it can be corrected as follows: . Correction factor: Y = A + B * MJD . Corrected countrate: Co = C * Y . ... This correction is applied in SAS OM image processing ( ommag task within omichain ) from Version 6.5. We recommend that data processed with earlier versions be reprocessed with SAS 6.5. ... Pages maintained by SAS librarian . Any question about SAS should be addressed to the XMM-Newton help desk . ...

... The axial support is provided by 78 air pistons. ... The transverse support is provided by 38 air pistons, supported by cantilevers from the mirror cell, that act on the mirror local center of gravity surface. ... The locations where the transverse mirror support forces should be applied to the mirror are listed in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 1. ... Figure 1: CAD drawing showing the 2.5-m primary mirror and the locations of the transverse support posts (black) and axial pneumatic pistons (blue...

... Under conditions of the Earth gravitation we are using the method of semi-natural simulation of linear accelerations in the centrifuges with a mobile cab for simulation of G-loads, originating in a space flight. ... The major factor of the orbital flight, affecting a cosmonaut, is a weightlessness state, which causes essential changes in cardiovascular and vestibular systems operation. ... Under the Earth conditions you can "execute" a short-term space flight according to the following cyclogram: . ...

Class 1 Introduction, Background History of Modern Astronomy The Night Sky, Eclipses and the Seasons Kepler's Laws Newtonian Gravity General Relativity Matter and Light Telescopes Class 2 Solar System Characteristics Formation Exosolar Planets Class 3 Stars The S un Stellar Evolution of Low and High Mass Stars Deaths of Stars Exotic Stars Class 4 Galaxies Galaxy Classification Formation of Galaxies Galactic ... Low mass stars live and die differently than high mass stars. ...

In order to measure the density of the Universe, it is necessary to sample a region that is larger than the scale on which the Universe becomes approximately homogeneous. ... When applied to clusters of galaxies we find a mass to luminosity ratio that implies a density of the Universe that is about 0.3 times the critical density. ... Thus the mass-to-muinosity ratio appears to vary with the size of the region measured, from 3 in the solar neighborhood to 30 in galaxies to 300 in clusters of galaxies. ...

... 1 Figure 1: The density distribution in R­Z plane Figure 2: The luminosity distribution in R­Z plane for Maxwellian kick velocity (75 km/s) 2 Figure 3: The luminosity distribution in R­Z plane for Maxwellian kick velocity (150 km/s) n(R; Z) = nHI + 2 \Delta nH2 nH2 = n 0 \Delta exp џ \GammaZ 2 2 \Delta (70pc) 2 – If 2kpc џ R џ 3:4kpc, then nHI = n 0 \Delta exp џ \GammaZ 2 2 \Delta (140pc \Delta R=2kpc) 2 – ; For R џ 2kpc n(R; Z) was assumed to be constant: n(R ! ...

... In spite of the fact that the orbit assumes a zero gravity (the scientists count on it by growing super-clean crystals and other materials impossible on the earth), in fact, none spacecraft provides such conditions. ... This question is answered by the device developed by SSAU scientists - Micro-acceleration Compensation Space System (MCSS). ... Then, the computer will give commands to the magnets that compensate micro-accelerations. ... Tags: 'photon-m4' mcss . ... SAMARA STATE AEROSPACE UNIVERSITY...

... Magnetic fields, subatomic particles, etc., traveling in different directions fill the universe. Do they deflect or otherwise affect one another? If so, isnт??t the information we get from them distorted? ... Neutrino astronomy, which is still in its infancy, is attractive because neutrinos interact so weakly with matter that few of these distorting effects occur. Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ...

Evidence collected from ice crystals gathered during halo displays suggests that a typical halo-producing crystal has a size of 0.1mm or so. ... Crystals much larger than a few tenths of a mm are optically well-capable of halo production but there is the question of how these larger, heavier crystals fall through the air and whether they can attain the stable orientations needed to make some of the more spectacular halo arcs. ... R_e . ... Caption: the flow of air past a plate crystal. ...

... If the mass of the collapsing star is more than three solar masses, however, no force can prevent it from collapsing completely to become a black hole. What is a black hole? Mini black holes . ... For Further Reading About Black Holes A black hole is a region of space in which the pull of gravity is so strong that nothing can escape. ... A black hole with a mass less than three solar masses would not form on its own; its gravity is too weak to cause it to completely collapse in on itself. ...