Geomagnetic storms and substorms are a natural hazard similar to hurricanes, floods etc. ... Solar and geomagnetic activity also probably influences the Earth's climate and human health. ... Under southward directed IMF the Earth's magnetosphere is open to input from the solar wind flow. ... Since practical importance of solar wind measurements was recognized, a number of approaches was developed for prediction of the geomagnetic activity basing on the solar wind data. ...

Geomagnetic disturbances can be monitored by ground-based magnetic observatories recording the three magnetic field components. The global Kp index is obtained as the mean value of the disturbance levels in the two horizontal field components, observed at 13 selected, subauroral stations . ... Geomagnetic activity is the occurrence of K variations. ... But K still remains a local index, describing disturbances in the vicinity of each observatory. ...

Educator's Guide to Robotic Spacecraft . ... Spacecraft are complex, technological objects that have to function far from Earth in the harsh environment of space. ... If the students are familiar with spacecraft they can be prompted with body parts and attempt to identify the analogous spacecraft part. This will work well if the students have a high quality picture of a modern spacecraft. ... Identify a mission and a destination for a spacecraft and have teams of students design the spacecraft. ...

... Chandra» (). 17 «Nature» (M.Gilfanov, A.Bogdan, An upper limit on the contribution of accreting white dwarfs to the type Ia supernova rate) 18 2010 . ... Chandra» (), «Spitzer» () - 2MASS. ... Ia, , DES Pan-STARRS. : , +7-495-333-33-77, gilfanov@iki.rssi.ru , 2 - +7-495-333-23-66, pavlinsky@iki.rssi.ru http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/ru/index.php - http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/10_releases/press_021710.html -- «Chandra» http://chandra.harvard.edu http://chandra.nasa.gov , «Nature», 18.02.2010 « ». ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,