... During a magnetospheric substorm the cross-tail current is disrupted (e.g., Fairfield and Ness, 1970). A current system called the substorm current wedge (SCW; Atkinson, 1967; McPherron et al., 1973) is formed as this current is diverted through a circuit consisting of earthward (downward) field-aligned currents (FACs) on the eastern side of the wedge, a westward auroral electrojet in the ionosphere , and tailward (upward) FACs on the western side of the wedge. ... Res. ... Geophys. ...
... CURRENT ASPECTS OF REMOTE SENSING OF EARTH FROM SPACE . ... For developing of the scientific concept and the programs of global monitoring of the Earth from space and pursuant to the disposal of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences # 10310-717 (August 11, 2004 ) Space Research Institute RAS and Center of Space Observations of the Russian Space Agency during November 16-18, 2004 conduct the Second Opened All-Russia conference ' Current Aspects of Remote ...
Ice Volcanoes Reshape Europa's Chaotic Surface . Ice-spewing volcanoes and the grinding and tearing of tectonic plates have reshaped the chaotic surface of Jupiter's frozen moon Europa, images from NASA's Galileo spacecraft reveal. ... Although the images do not show currently active ice volcanoes or geysers, they do reveal flows of material on the surface that probably originated from them, said Galileo imaging team member Dr. Ronald Greeley of Arizona State University, Tempe. ... Europa . ...