... Magnetic Storms . ... Cosmic Rays . ... Energetic Particles . ... Solar fast Particles . We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. ... Should we be concerned about solar energetic radiation? ...

... It consists of two energy-angle analyzers EA-2 and EA-3 for low energy particles, and two identical oppositely directed time-of-flight (TOF) analyzers EM-1-1 and EM-1-2 for high energies. ... Analyzers of low energy charged particles (EA-2 and EA-3). ... The instruments allow to measure simultaneously in eight angular sectors evenly distributed in the angle 2 perpendicular to the satellite rotation axis, and sequentially in 7 energy intervals for each angular sector. ... Interval . ...

... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 . Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > Modules . ... Specify character set translation or recoding . ... charset_lite_module . ... mod_charset_lite allows the server to change the character set of responses before sending them to the client. ... CharsetDefault . ... The character set name parameters of CharsetSourceEnc and CharsetDefault must be acceptable to the translation mechanism used by APR on the system where mod_charset_lite is deployed. ...

... Flag 1: All those sources with a MASKFRAC column value lower than the value given by parameter mfraclimit will have their first flag set to true, i.e. from 'FFFFFFFFF' to 'TFFFFFFFF'. ... Flag 4: likely spurious extended source in 'circle of influence' of bright point source. This flag will be set if source is extended ( EXT extlimit), has Flag 2 set to true (i.e. is in circle of influence of a bright point source) and the causing source is brighter than counts given by parameter brlimit , i.e.: . ...

... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 . ... Specify character set translation or recoding . ... charset_lite_module . ... CharsetDefault . ... The character set name parameters of CharsetSourceEnc and CharsetDefault must be acceptable to the translation mechanism used by APR on the system where mod_charset_lite is deployed. ... The ImplicitAdd keyword specifies that mod_charset_lite should implicitly insert its filter when the configuration specifies that the character set of content should be translated. ...

... Outline of the BTF paper by Erwin de Blok (25-2-2002) ----------------------------------------------------- * Description of sample * Data and corrections * Descriptions of method to measure line widths * Description of method to measure inclinations * Corrections to linewidths and magnitudes (inclination, random motion, instrumental resolution, extinction) * Corrections to recession velocities (to Local Group frame, also POTENT etc for nearby galaxies) * Describe B-band ...

... HST Phase II Proposal Instructions for Cycle 20 > Chapter 3: Fixed and Generic Targets > 3.3 Target Category and Target Description [Description] . ... Each target must be assigned a single primary category from Table 3.2 , and at least one descriptive keyword , chosen from the appropriate Table 3.3 through Table 3.9 (see Table 3.2 for which table is appropriate for each category). ... Table 3.3: Descriptive Keywords for STAR and EXT-STAR . ... Table 3.6: Descriptive Keywords for CLUSTER OF GALAXIES...

In this gallery are many images of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies which have recently been discovered and analyzed. ... The central surface brightness of this galaxy is 24.28 . Malin 2 This galaxy is another huge disk galaxy with a scale length of 15 kpc and a redshift of 15000 km/a. The high surface brightness knot in one of its spiral arms actually has the same color, luminosity and H-alpha equivalent width as the entire Large Magellanic Cloud . ... Truly it is a Low Surface Brightness Galaxy. ...

... 30.03.2015 . During a total solar eclipse, the Sun's extensive outer atmosphere, or corona, is an inspirational sight. ... What if you saw your shadow on Mars and it wasn't human? ... Near the March 20 equinox the cold clear sky over Longyearbyen, Norway, planet Earth held an engaging sight, a total eclipse of the Sun. ... Naked Eye Nova Sagittarii 2015 No 2 . ... A Double Eclipse of the Sun . ... Last Friday was noteworthy because part of the Earth was treated to a rare total eclipse of the Sun. ...

MATHEMATICAL MODELING: . ... This model is developed on the base of the probabilistic description of the collisional aeronomical processes and is realized on a computer as the numerical system (stochastic model). ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo , D.V.             Nonequilibrium processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres. ... In Russian) . ... Piarnpuu , A. A.; and Shematovich, V. I.       Construction of structural stochastic models of collision processes in rarefied gas media (abstract) . ...

... Telescopes . ... Diameter of circular antenna . ... Number of antenna elements . ... Geometrical area . ... Effective area of full circle . ... Wavelength range . ... Frequency range . ... 2 arcsec . ... Flux density limit . ... Absolute brightness temperature limit . 0.050 mK . ...

... A detailed study of two consecutive bright points observed simultaneously with CDS, EIT and MDI is presented. The analysis of the evolution of the photospheric magnetic features and their coronal counterpart shows that there is a linear dependence between the EIT Fe XII 195? flux and the total magnetic flux of the photospheric bipolarity. ... In a follow-up study, we used wide slit (90arcsec240arcsec) movies of four EIT coronal bright points (BPs) obtained with CDS. ...

Astronomy Discussion Forums . Forums: . Atm ћ Astrophotography ћ Blackholes ћ Blackholes2 ћ CCD ћ Celestron ћ Domes ћ Education . ... Discussion Forums . ... Your Description Is To Vague. Forum List | ... Post Message | ... www.astronomy.net . ... Unless otherwise specified, web site content Copyright 1994-2016 John Huggins All Rights Reserved . Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... dust_AbsXSec . Absorption Cross section. typedef void . ... Calculates the equilibrium temperature given the absorption cross section and a radiation field. double . ... Calculates the absortion cross section of a species/size of dust grain . ... The grain absorption cross section . ... The absorption cross section of the grain . ... Calculates the equilibrium emission at wavelength lambda from a (large) grain at temperature T and with absorption cross section xsection. double dust_EquiT . ...

It is a matter of common knowledge that in processes of genesis and evolution of many solar phenomena participate magnetic fields of sunspots. ... As a basis for formation of the database we take data on magnetic fields, collected by set of observatories during many years of observations. ... Section "Magnetic field data" contains data of magnetic field observation for separate sunspots, presented in standard text format (ASCII). ... Description of structure of these files is presented here . ...

... They are concerned with Attitude Control System of the spacecraft, satellite visibility from tracking stations, limits on the satellite autonomous operations during the orbit, and needs for auxiliary operations with the spacecraft. ... Among the operational constraints the most important one is the number of programmed slews per orbit, which determines the maximum number of radio sources to be observed during one orbit. ... System temperature (K) . ... Progress of the RadioAstron Project in Pictures...

... Here is an example of the output header of CATS data. ... SIMPLE=T / BITPIX=8 / character information NAXIS=0 / no image data array present EXTEND=T / may be standard extensions OBJECT= CATS SEARCH / CATS search result ORIGIN=SAO RAS DATE=01/01/1997 / date of file creation END XTENSION=TABLE / F-file table extension BITPIX=8 / 8-bits ... NAXIS1=93 / No. of characters per row NAXIS2=1000 / the number of lines (sources) TFIELDS=10 / there are 16 fields per row EXTNAME= CATS / object name: ...

Supernovae are simply stars which explode. ... To understand supernovae, we need to understand stars. ... In this stage our Sun will swell up hundreds of times its current size, swallowing the Earth, and glowing hundreds of times brighter than it is now. ... Stars more than 10 times the mass of our sun have much more exciting lives. ... A Type II supernova to be precise. ... Since 1995 two teams have been discovering these objects: Our team, the High-Z SN Search, and the Supernova Cosmology Project. ...

The sky inhabitants - the constellations. ... The constellations of Zodiac. The constellations of Zodiac are very popular. ... They were counted from the point of vernal equinox. ... As a result all the Zodiac row of constellations as if displaced in the two positions the count traditionally begings from the constellation where the point of a vernal equinox is. ... That is why the Sun comes to each Zodiac sign two - five weeks before the time when it comes to the constellation of the same name. ...

... Problems of Developing and Near-Earth Environmental Protection. Electromagnetic and Corpuscular Radiation of Sun as the Main Factors of Near-Earth Environment Forming. Solar UV and X-Rays. ... Ionosphere. ... Dynamic of Ionosphere Plasma.Ionosphere Conductance. ... Magnetosphere. ... Energetic Particles Motion in Magnetosphere. ... Auroral Particles and Phenomenons in Auroral Borealis Zones. ... Auroral Particles Invasion of Atmosphere and Its Effects - Auroral Borealis, Ionization, Heating. ...