... The hotter the gas, the faster they move, and the more energy each of them holds. The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much , much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ...

... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

SAI 175 anniversary . ... Moscow University . Search for in SAI Moscow University Search for in Russian astronomical resources . ... SAI Astronomical Databases . ... Browse SAI Software archive(ftp.sai.msu.su) . ASTRONET.RU - Russian Astronomical Network (available in translit also) . ... SAI Supernovae Research Group . ... Department of the Galaxy and Variable Stars (in Russian) . Sternberg Astronomical Institute Seminars . ... All-Russian Astronomical Olympiad (in Russian) . ...

. ___________________________________________________________________ The Electronic Universe Project e-mail: nuts@moo.uoregon.edu

Photon/Particle Counting Image Measurement System : PIAS-TI . The PIAS-TI is an extremely sensitive image measurement device developed for imaging and quantification in ultimate levels with an extremely small number of photons, electrons and charged particles. ... The PIAS-TI is a measuring system that makes use of the technology of the photon counter to detect the input positions of individual photons or particles, and accumulate them to create an image. ...

... Primordial theory review : Dick Bond . Defects and the CMB review : Andy Albrecht . ... Gravitational wave contribution to CMB anisotropies : V.B. Lukash and E.V. Mikheeva . C_l from cosmic strings : Lloyd Knox . Some aspects of CMB anisotropies induced from topological defects : Mairi Sakellariadou . ... CMB anisotropies from scaling sources : Ruth Durrer . ... SZ observations I : Sarah Church . ... Holes in the microwave sky? ... Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB : James Robinson . ...

... CHANG-ES astronomers probe the spectacular halos of galaxies . by Jayanne English (University of Manitoba, Canada) . ... Led by Judith Irwin (Queen's U., Canada), the team studies the radio halo produced by fast-moving particles in a galaxy's magnetic field. In a companion paper , led by Theresa Weigert, they present a 'median radio halo' . ... In the composite image presented here, the large, grey-blue area is a single image of this median radio halo. ... today * ATNF | ...

... HST . FUV-MAMA Repeller Off as an Available Mode for High Resolution Spectroscopy . ... Data . ... HST Overview . Overview . ... Retrieving HST Data . ... We find that the FUV-MAMA has improved resolving power (at the cost of sensitivity) when the repeller-wire high-voltage is turned off. ... To fully realize the increase in resolution provided by this mode, users will have to reprocess the data on their own using the CALSTIS package in STSDAS with parameters set for HiRes pixels. ...

... There are a lot of computer codes simulating this scattering and freely available in the Internet (see e.g. links on our JPDOC page ). ... The code and input file are available in the directory . ... A slightly modified code of Barber Hill with a C-shell and input files is available in the directory . ... The code, input and test output files are available in the directory . ... See also readme file. file. ... The code, input file and their description (a TeX file) are available in the directory . ...

Spacecraft STP Data 1. ... This CD-ROM contains solar flare reports, sunspot numbers and regions histories, total solar irradiance, and solar bursts. ... MAGSAT - 2 discs. ... A Compilation of 1963-1999 Solar Wind Field and Plasma Data, Near Earth and Deep Space - 3 discs. This CD-ROM contains the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind plasma (SWP) data from several spacecraft which have explored the near-Earth and deep space regions over the last three decades. ...

... НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ . ... Кружок ?Олимпиады и математика? ... Московская математическая олимпиада . Заочный математический конкурс . ... Устные математические олимпиады . Олимпиады по программированию . Математический праздник . Математические регаты . ... Математические бои . Олимпиада по геометрии им. И.Ф.Шарыгина . ... Программа ?Math in Moscow? Научные конкурсы . Творческий конкурс . ... График олимпиад . ... XXVII Математический праздник . ...

Magnetic field experiment on Vega - 1 and 2 spacecraft. ... Two spacecrafts, Vega-1 and Vega-2 have been launched aboard Proton rockets from Baykonour on 15 and 21 December 1984, respectively. ... During the cruise phase from Earth to Venus both Vega-1 and Vega-2 spacecrafts had one-axis orientation i.e. Bx of magnetometer was directed to the Sun, By and Bz axes were rotated around Bx-axis. ... Spacecraft position data are presented in HGI and SE systems. ... Vega-1 magnetic data for 1984 . ...

. Coordinates . Charged particles flux . Ultraviolet radiation . The periods of high geomagnetic activity in 2005. 10 MeV, the data from the NOAA series satellites) . January 20-26 . May 5-20 ( data is available ) . June 16-19 . July 13-21 ( data is available ) . July 26 - August 6 . August 22 - September 3 ( data is available ) . September 7-20 ( data is available ) . Charged particles flux measured by Coronas-F satellite

... Einstein data for SNR are available as images on magnetic tape or diskette and as tables of counting rates. ... In seven cases, with coverage from 35% to 90%, we have calculated an HRI rate for the entire SNR by using the observed IPC data and assuming the ratio of HRI to IPC rates was the same for the observed and the unobserved parts of the remnant. ... Positions of the bright bulge sources and remnants in the galactic plane are known and the rates in table 2 are free of the effects of these. ...

Peremennye Zvezdy", . ... Star Name: . GSC 3710-00312, USNO-A2.0 1425-04252279 . ... Variability type: . ... USNO-A2.0 1425-04252279 is located at the distance of 15?.7 from the X-ray source 1RXS J031707.9+572942, which is larger than the position error of the source (12?), but its hardness ratio HR1 = 0.03 0.29, typical of chromospherically active stars, and its character of variability allow us to assume that the star is related to the X-ray source. ... Eclipsing variability . Sine wave 1 . ...

... Since 2011 our observatory is a member of GLORIA (GLObal Robotic telescopes Intelligent Array for e-Science) project - wide international collaboration of 13 scientific institutions from 8 countries aiming at opening public access to robotic telescopes, as well as propagating astronomy in general. The GLORIA Project offers Internet users the possibility of studying the sky from professional observatories. ... The experiments are available at the users site of GLORIA. ... About GLORIA . ...

... Science User Portal . ... ESO, the European Southern Observatory . ... Weekend Visits to the ALMA OSF . ... Survey Telescopes . ... ALMA . ... Star Clusters . ... 2016 . 2015 . 2014 . ... Stars@ESO . ... Although HD 97300 is in the spotlight for now, the very dust that makes it so hard to miss heralds the birth of additional, potentially scene-stealing, future stars. eso1604 тАФ Science Release . ... 31 March 2016 тАФ ann16021 . ... 29 March 2016 тАФ ann16020 . ... 29 March 2016 тАФ ann16019 . ...

... Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) . Survey processing . ... VISTA is a 4-m class wide field survey telescope for the southern hemisphere, equipped with a near infrared camera (1.65 degree diameter field of view at VISTA's nominal pixel size) containing 67 million pixels of mean size 0.34 arcsec and available broad band filters at Z,Y,J,H,K s and a narrow band filter at 1.18 micron. A wide field visible camera, if constructed, could also be used on VISTA. ... Tile . ... ESO VISTA Public Surveys . ...

... PA=205 EPIC eff. area, gain/offset. 50" off-patch. ... 2877284928642849286329102894 2850, 2913-2942 2885 2857 2885 2922 100 45 5 1 0,5 0,5 15 35 15 1 1 1 15 45 1 1 0,5 0,5 15 0 0 FF CLOSED LW THIN LW THIN FF CAL- MEDIUM SW THIN TIMING THICK 20ks SW THICK (on-axis) + 80ks FF CALCLOSED 11ks SW THICK + 34ks FF CLOSED FF DIAGNOSTIC FF CALCLOSED FF CALCLOSED SW MEDIUM LW THICK FF CLOSED LW THIN LW THIN FF CAL- MEDIUM SW ...

... All contributions must be prepared in English. Contributions, written in other languages, including Russian, will not be accepted. ... The style file sao1.sty is available at the anonymous ftp server ftp.sao.ru:/pub/texSAO/saosty/ . ... November, 1, 2010 . All contributions (including papers of the SAO staff) should be submitted to Dmitry Kudryavtsev ( ). ... Magnetic Stars-2010 . ... Laboratory for the Stellar Magnetism Study of SAO of the RAS . ...