... Future seminars . P a s t seminars . Seminar council . Russian missions to the Moon, Venus, and Mars in the 1960s ". ... Flights to the Moon, Venus, and Mars were a natural continuation of the Russian space program after the success of the first orbiters (Sputniks) in 1957-58. Sixteen spacecraft were sent to the Moon in 1959-1970 in the Soviet Union . ... The 3MV program involved a landing probe to Venus and flybys of Venus and Mars using similar spacecraft with launch in 1964-1965. ...

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

Courtesy of NASA's National Space Science Data Center . ... The Lunar Orbiter 4 spacecraft was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selection and verification of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions. ... This experiment consisted of a dual-lens camera system designed to satisfy the primary mission objective of providing photogaphic information for mapping and for the evaluation of Apollo and Surveyor landing sites. ...

Lunar Orbiter 4 . Courtesy of NASA's National Space Science Data Center . ... The Lunar Orbiter 4 spacecraft was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selection and verification of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions. ... This experiment consisted of a dual-lens camera system designed to satisfy the primary mission objective of providing photogaphic information for mapping and for the evaluation of Apollo and Surveyor landing sites. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... History . ... Flights Chronology . ... Sea Launch . ... Land Launch . ... History of flights . ... Land Launch - Injection Profile . ... 1-st burn of Block DM-SLB (Injection into reference orbit) . ... LV two stages provide the orbital block injection into the open orbit with negative perigee; by three burns of the Upper Stage main engine the spacecraft is injected into the given target orbit. ...

... Comments, Opinions Publications Dnepr Program . Dnepr launch record 17 August 2011. Cluster Launch of Dnepr LV 22 August 2013 KOMPSAT-5 Launch 21 November 2013. ... The Sych-2 satellite is being developed as a part of the space optical-range Earth observation system by the State Design Office of Yuzhnoye and built by the Industrial Association Yuzhny Machine Building Plant in cooperation w ith other space industry entities upon the state order of the National Space Agency of Ukraine . ...

. Russion version . Last updated on May, 2008 . RadioAstron Mission .

... Peter J.K. "Jeff" Wisoff (Ph.D) . NASA Astronaut (former) . ... A veteran of four space flights, STS-57 in 1993, STS-68 in 1994, STS-81 in 1997 and STS-92 in 2000, Dr. Wisoff has logged a total of 42 days, 56 hours, 1 minute and 48 seconds in space, including , 19 hours and 53 minutes of EVA time in three space walks. ... Following 183 orbits of the Earth in 269 hours and 46 minutes, the eleven-day mission ended with Space Shuttle Endeavour landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California. ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Concept Spacecraft . ... Monthly Sky Notes . ... October . ... By admin September 30, 2011 Posted in: Human Exploration . Gemini Spacecraft: The red and gold spheres in the Equipment Module are propellant tanks and the red cylinder in the nose is the parachute pack. ... Image credit: NASA) . ... Amazingly in 2011, an outfit called Space Operations Inc proposed launching updated Geminis (rebadged as Eclipse spacecraft) for commercial clients! ...

... The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was the most massive instrument ever launched by a NASA Space Shuttle and continues to revolutionize gamma-ray astronomy. ... The Orbiting Hubble Space Telescope . ... Space Shuttle Challenger jumps off the launch pad in 1985 to begin a successful mission. ... Columbia Waits, Discovery Launches . ... Space Shuttle Discovery launches while the Space Shuttle Columbia is readied for a future mission. ... Liftoff of Space Shuttle Columbia . ...

HST Call for Proposals and HST Primer for Cycle 24 . ... Hubble Space Telescope Primer for Cycle 24 > Chapter 2: System Overview > 2.2 Orbital Constraints . ... Orbital Constraints . ... HST is in a relatively low orbit (less than 600 km above Earth), which imposes a number of constraints upon its observations. ... As the HST orbit precesses and the Earth rotates, the southern part of the HST orbit intersects the SAA each day for seven to nine orbits in a row (so-called ?SAA-impacted? orbits). ...

NASA Press Release Text - June 24, 1996 GALILEO READY FOR CLOSE FLYBY OF JUPITER'S BIGGEST MOON Now residing in orbit around Jupiter, NASA's Galileo spacecraft is primed for its first close flyby of Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, at 2:29 a.m. EDT on June 27, 1996. ... In the days just before and after the Ganymede flyby, Galileo's other studies will include a search for auroral activity on Jupiter's nightside and observations of other Jovian moons: Io, Europa and Callisto. ...

... The software systems are described following the forward and backward data flow to/from the satellite: starting from the Observation Proposal reception and archiving, the long term observation scheduling up to the detailed weekly planning and telecommands sequence uplinking, and vice versa the scientific and housekeeping raw telemetry acquisition and archiving, quick look data analysis, data reformatting and distribution as a Final Observation Tape to the Observation Proposal PI. ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

... Mars . ... Mars spacecraft ready for September 21 orbit insertion . ... NASA s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft is nearing its scheduled September 21 insertion into martian orbit after completing a 10-month interplanetary journey of 442 million miles (711 million kilometers). ... Following orbit insertion, MAVEN will begin a six-week commissioning phase that includes maneuvering the spacecraft into its final orbit and testing its instruments and science-mapping commands. ...

Proposer's Guide VLBI Space Observatory Programme Prepared by the VSOP Science Operations Group Institute of Space and Astronautical Science 10 August 1995 Proposals Due: Friday, 17 November 1995 Abstract This guide provides the technical information necessary to write a proposal for scientific observations with the VSOP space VLBI mission. ... 2 VSOP Spacecraft Antenna The main antenna of the VSOP spacecraft is of a Cassegrain design with a three­waveband coaxial feed at the focus. ...

ESAC Calibration management What does that mean ? ... 14 June 2006 Marcus G. F. Kirsch Marcus Kirsch , XMM-Newton European Space Astronomy Center Page 1 menu · X-ray calibration in the last century · Can we do better · Calibration management · Committee for X-ray calibration · Calibration mission scenario ESAC Marcus Kirsch , XMM-Newton European Space Astronomy Center Page 2 ...

Target: Venus . The Soviet VEGA Spacecraft Two remarkable "busloads" of automated spacecraft were launched toward Venus by the Soviet Union in December of 1984. Each one contains three separate modules: one lander and one balloon-carried atmosphere probe to be dropped off at Venus in June, 1985, and one major package of instruments which will continue on to encounter Halley's Comet in March, 1986. ... Venus and Earth: A Comparison . Earth . ... in Earth days) . ... 243 Earth days . ...

Prognoz satellites magnetometer observation database . This page presents data of the magnetic field measurements in the outer magnetosphere and in the solar wind made by Prognoz and Interball-Tail satellites. Magnetic field measurements on the Prognoz satellites were carried out by I ZMIRAN 's Space Magnetic Research Laboratory ( SMRL ) in 1977-1984. ... Prognoz-7 and -9 provide observations at a later stage of the ISEE mission. ... Link to Prognoz-6 data . ... Link to Interball-T data . ...

... Ballistics, navigation and flight control of the spacecraft, going to the L2 point of Sun-Earth system. ... and calculation algorithms have been developed: - an algorithm, building nominal trajectories for one impulse flights to the L2 point of Sun- Earth system, including a Moon swingby maneuver or not. - an algorithm, calculating corrections of spacecraft trajectory needed for the flight from Earth to halo orbit and for stationkeeping of the spacecraft moving in halo ...