... Imagine that for every pixel in the color image, you take its luminance value (that's how bright it appears). ... In the end, you will have a histogram which counts how many times each luminance value appears in the image (that histogram can be used to analyze the distribution of the luminance values in the image). ... For the watermark effect, we want to use the same value that we used in the Stretch Contrast step, so that the lightest color will be in fact white (255), and nothing will get clamped...

parameter estimates and variances Bayesian Gaussian Aperture Photometry -- updated notes · Model Selection Model Selection · · · · · p-values and Hypothesis Tests Type I, Type II, and other errors Analysis Design Upper Limits Hypothesis Tests , Likelihood Ratio Tests , and posterior predictive pvalues Odds ratios, Bayes Factors AIC/BIC/DIC/WAIC/HQIC/MDL · · p-values · · p=Pr(T T(D)|H) What ... The difference between significant and not significant is not significant." ...

... Abstract Fetch from the kernel pool the double precision values of an item associated with a body. ... It's an error to supply an output array that is too small to hold all of the values associated with the requested kernel variable. Detailed_Output dim is the number of values returned; this is always the number of values associated with the requested kernel variable unless an error has been signaled. values is the array of values associated with the requested kernel variable. ...

... Radio Catalog . The corrections in NVSS fluxes leading to the corrected Version 1.1 also result in changes to some of the figures and tables in Kimball Ivezi? ... The results are qualitatively the same. ... The new versions of the figures, along with the original versions (in high resolution), are available here . ... These figures, along with Table 4, continue to motivate t = 0.35 as the optimal separator between "simple" and "complex" sources). ... Complex Sources . ... t NVSS . ... galaxy . ...

Next: Bibliography Up: On the metallicities of Previous: Observations and data reduction . The results of chemical abundance determination for the studied galaxies are presented in Table 2 . The comparison of the respective data for UM 133 and UM 382 with the abundance ratios from Izotov & Thuan ([ 1999 ]) shows that they well agree with the derived average values for the sample of low metallicity BCGs. ... The full range of the velocity curve is about 100 km s -1 . ... UM 133 . ... UM 283 . ...

... In result, we obtained the GA constant. ... So, we use the results of the observations of Galactic ob jects to improve A. Our previous estimate of the GA constant (Malkin 2011) yields the values of R0 = 8.2 kpc, 0 = 29.5 km s-1 kpc-1 , and A = 5.02 µas/yr. ... So, the results published in 2008­2013 were used to derive the final estimate of the GA constant. ... We have applied several statistical techniques mostly used in physics and metrology to these data, as described in Malkin (2012, 2013). ...

... Calculations of at least two runs with different values of a parameter are required in order to discover to what extent the results depend on the , if at all. ... In order to study how the final statistical distributions depend on the initial functions, the method of Green functions is used. ... Then we can restore any distribution on this parameter (with a certain accuracy) by summing the results for each interval with the appropriate weight. ...

The beam pattern and the polarization characteristics . of the radio telescope RATAN-600 . The Mueller matrix elements was computed via formulas [1]: . ... The BP were computed by the aperture method, proceeding from the fild distribution in the aperture of the primary mirror. The components of the main and cross-polarization components of the electric field in the vertical aperture of the primary mirror was computed in Frenel diffraction approximation. ...

L-Narrow Cal Values . On 18 December, 2000, the L-Narrow cals were re-measured, with the results shown below. Prior to 18 December, '00, the L-narrow Cal values were assumed to be 1.85 1.91 for A B polarizations, respectively, at all frequencies. This means that gain curves obtained before 18 Dec '00 assume old cal values, and curves determined after 18 Dec '00 assume new cal values. ... lbn cal values measured 18dec00 . ... calval polA [K] . calval polB [K] . ... 1.81 . ...

... It is precisely these values that are displayed as O – C. In case computed positions of minor planet for all or some part of moments are found without accounting for perturbations, the corresponding moments are followed by asterisk (without perturbations are computed positions for all minor planets if moments of their observations lie outside the basic interval of 16 months or for ordinary ... The coordinate system and type of computed positions are indicated in status bar. ...

... It is intended to flag in the RGS pipeline sources which are confused with the prime source, so as to allow the end user to assess whether these have a deleterious effect on the spectra of the prime source. For this purpose rgssources calculates, for each source, a value which is stored in a column called CONFUSION . ... Here is the confusion value, is the source brightness (ie value of the RATE column) and and are respectively the dispersion and cross-dispersion angles in arcseconds. ...

... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 . ... Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by Apache. ... MD5 . apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a random 32-bit salt and the password. ... Insecure. $ htpasswd -nbB myName myPassword . ... Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache digest authentication. ...

... Minute Values of Geomagnetic Field Components . ... AA 1868 - Present (3 hourly and daily) (monthly) (yearly) (Lists and histograms of geomagnetic disturbance and Solar Sunspots) KP_AP 1932 - Present (3 hourly and daily) (Lists and histograms of geomagnetic disturbance and Solar Sunspots) AE_HV 1957-75, 78-88 (hourly) AE_MIN 1978-881-6;198903;1990-94 (minute) DST 1957 - Present (hourly) PC 1975 - Present (15-minute) AMANAS 1959 - Present (3 hourly and daily) KMKNKS 1983 - Present (3 hourly) . ...

... 223, 2004 A.V. Stepanov, E.E. Benevolenskaya & A.G. Kosovichev, eds. DOI: 00.0000/X000000000000000X Review of exp erimental results on geo effectiveness of solar and interplanetary events Yu.I. Yermolaev and M.Yu. ... We present a brief review of published results on the geomagnetic storm effectiveness of CMEs and solar flares as well as of interplanetary events. ... Sun: coronal mass ejections and flares, Solar wind, Geomagnetic storms 1. ... I., Yermolaev, M. Yu. 2003a Cosmic Research 41, 105­109....

... Next: Cheating Poisson: A Up: Statistical Analysis Previous: Spatial Models and . ... The spatial distribution of stars in the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822 has been studied, using recent positions and deep photometry for about 15,000 stars in the galaxy. Based on photometrical data, OB stars and red stars could be studied separately. Spatial statistical tools have been applied to the analysis of the spatial structure. ... Figure: Model selection by the aid of CAIC . ...

This document explains values, tables and other matters on solar physics computing pages. ... is040423.ete : SAHA-S tables, interpolation values: T, rho, X. Z is fixed at 0.02. See reference above. opal2005.etf : OPAL EOS, interpolation values: T, rho, X, Z. Downloaded from OPAL site , marked there as "2005", seems to be unpublished. opal2001.etf : OPAL EOS, interpolation values: T, rho, X, Z. Rogers F.J., Nayfonov A. Astrophys. ... The following values can be calculated: . ... dimensionless . ...

... ON THE ROLE OF LARGE-SCALE PLASMA IRREGULARITIES AT THE FINAL STAGE OF ANOMALOUS ABSOPTION DEVELOPING UNDER HF HEATING OF THE IONOSPHERE . ... Fig. ... With the aid of numerical statistical modeling based on multiple ray tracing it is shown that in presence of large-scale irregularities the reflected signal amplitude mean value is increased significantly. ... Dependence of the mean amplitude of the reflected from the ionosphere signal on the large-scale (10-50 km) electron density irregularity level...

... In spite of the lack of rich clusters around us and the presence of large volumes completely free from galaxies (voids), the mean luminosity densities and the mean density of hydrogen mass in the Local Universe is one and a half - twice as high as their mean global values. However, the mean local density of the baryon mass is only 2% of the critical density of the Universe, which is twice as less as the baryon density from the nucleosynthesis data (local paradox of the baryon mass). ...

... public class CurveFitter . ... static int . ... Field Detail public static final int STRAIGHT_LINE . ... public static final int POLY2 . ... public static final int POLY3 . ... public static final int POLY4 . ... public static final int EXPONENTIAL . ... public static final int POWER . ... public static final int LOG . ... public static final int RODBARD . ... public static final int GAMMA_VARIATE . ... public static final int LOG2 . ... public static double f (int fit, double[] p, double x) . ...

Underdetermined sets is a new type of data structures (terms) developed in Actor Prolog . ... The point is that an underdetermined set can include some indefinite rest (a tail) like a list in usual Prolog . At the same time, the order of elements of an underdetermined set can be arbitrary one and it does not affect results of unification of underdetermined sets. Moreover, Actor Prolog guarantees that a rest of an underdetermined set never contains elements that are explicitly given in the set. ...