... The SINIS mixer combines the advantages of a hot-electron bolometer (HEB), such as a high signal frequency at a small local oscillator power, with the advantages of an SIS mixer, including low noise level, a high intermediate frequency, and wide working temperature range (up to a critical temperature of the superconductor). ... The SIS mixer allows a noise temperature lower than 100 K (which is equivaq lent to several quantum noise limits T n = hf/k) to be reached at frequencies below 1 THz [1]. ...

Ideal Integrating Bolometer Ideal Integrating Bolometer A. Kogut, M. DiPirro, S.H. Moseley, and C. Allen Goddard Space Flight Center A bolometer consists of a thermometer with heat capacity C mounted on an absorbing substrate, weakly coupled to a bath at temperature T0 via a thermal conductance G ( Figure 1 ). ... We have developed a new bolometer concept using a non-dissipative thermometer coupled with a heat switch to break the link between thermal conductance and performance. ...

Title: A New Model of the Gravitational Lens 0957+561 and a Limit on the Hubble Constant . Authors: Norman A. Grogin , Ramesh Narayan (Harvard Univ.) ... Title: ROSAT/PSPC observation of the distant cluster CL0939+472 . ... Title: Interaction in the Bimodal Galaxy Cluster A3528 . ... Title: Cosmological Implications of Galaxy Cluster Evolution . ... Title: Galaxy Cluster Virial Masses and Omega . ... Matches 201 to 222 from a total of 222 matches for the search pattern galaxy cluster . ...

... Publications . ... Spin-orbit interaction and anomalous spin relaxation in carbon nanotube quantum dots . ... We study spin relaxation and decoherence caused by electron-lattice and spin-orbit interaction and predict striking effects induced by magnetic fields B . ... We discuss the difference in the magnetic-field dependence of the spin relaxation rate due to Rashba or Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling for systems with positive (i.e., GaAs quantum dots) or negative (i.e., InAs quantum dots) $g$...

All stars derive their energy through the thermonuclear fusion of light elements in to heavy elements. High temperatures are required so that the mutual electrostatic repulsion of the protons in each fusing atomic nucleus is overcome. ... Elements with more protons in their nuclei require higher temperatures. ... This sequence is now shown in the animation below. ... First Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration . Second Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration . ...

... TBB: retain a few seconds of raw data Off-line follow-up Coherent dedisperse The Matched Filter Optimal detector for a known signal in known Gaussian noise Matches expected signal shape (template, h) to data (s), and sums Pros: optimal for a given Gaussian dataset Cons: requires full signal knowledge , not blind to signal shape Performance : signal -to-noise ratios Template matched to ...

... In the first page of this chapter, Eddington computes an effective temperature of 3.18 K, but this has nothing to do with the 2.725 K blackbody spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) . Here is a quote of what Eddington actually said: . ... We shall first calculate the energy density of this radiation. ... It is clear that Eddington's model fits the optical data, but that Eddington did not anticipate either the CMB (red curve) or the interstellar dust (ISD, green curve). ...

EXPLANATION OF DANA'S FIBER TESTS ON THE 12M TELESCOPE.. ... But we know full well that this is not directly possible- the delay in the optical fiber carrying this signal will change both with temperature and to some degree with fiber bending as the telescope tracks objects or moves from one object to another. ... So we would like to identify at least one pair of single mode fibers in our bundle, whose delay changes due to antenna tracking etc are pretty well matched. ...

... Energy Levels . ... Radiation from . Hot Objects . ... Instead he wanted to explain the continuous spectrum emitted by hot solids--also known as " black body spectrum " because it is supposedly emitted by an ideal hot object ("black body") whose structure gives no special preference to any color (as happens with green grass, blue jeans and red bricks). ... A "black body spectrum" is also expected in light from hot dense gases, where strong energy exchange exists among frequently colliding atoms. ...

RATAN-600 Radiometer = 13 cm . ... 2.3 GHz . ... Band pass Filter . ... Front end amplifier . ... System noise temperature . ... Noise Added Radiometer . ... Polarization . Left Circular Polarization ( LCP ) . or Right Circular Polarization ( RCP ) . Feed . Three-frequency feed with . ... Calibration . Noise generator . Simplified block-diagram of the radiometer . PF - primary feed, . ... NG1 - noise generator for calibration, . NG2 - balance noise generator, . ...

... Archives . ... One of the biggest culprits is the unit of energy, [keV], which is 1000 electron Volts, for the energy acquired by an electron when it falls through an electric potential of 1 Volt: . ... Then, a temperature in degrees Kelvin can be written in units of keV by converting it with the formula . ... It is tempting to put the two together and interpret a temperature as a photon energy. ... For example, a 1 keV (temperature) Bremsstrahlung spectrum extends out to 1 keV (photon energy). ...

... RECOMMENDED VALUES OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS. ... This reference must be included when these constants are used in a context where their full accuracy is important. ... elementary charge (of proton) . ... gravitational constant . ... unified atomic mass constant . ... of electron . ... of proton . ... Planck constant . ... Rydberg constant, m 0 2 m e e 4 c 3 /8h 3 . ... fine structure constant, m 0 e 2 c/2h . ... Bohr radius, h 2 ( pm 0 c 2 m e e 2 ) . ... Bohr magneton, e h /2m e...

... Using the uvby -photometry and proper motion data for about 5500 F stars within 80 pc from the Sun, we have studied velocity ellipsoid parameters and obtained the following results. 1) The sizw of all wllipsoid semiaxes increase systematically for groups of stars with the decrease of both temperature (at constant metallicity) and metallicity (at constant temperature). ... As a result, each of the three parameters - temperature, metallicity and velocity dispersion - is an age indicator. ...

home education > activities . ... Quick math activity that asks students to calculate scale models of a binary star system with a black hole in it. [h] . ... Students use a radiometer and a light bulb with a dimmer switch to make connections between the temperature, color, and radiation output of a star. ... This demonstration, similar to the above, from the Exploratorium Snack-book of science activities, lets students demonstrate how molecules scatter light and change the colors of the beam. [m,h] . ...

The FR Divide in Radio Galaxies through Environmental Interactions T. Maciel (Astrophysics Group) tm419@cam.ac.uk , P. Alexander (Astrophysics Group) Radio -Loud Galaxies · Galaxies which are dominated by their radio emission (10MHz -100GHz) and show extended morphology: - Jets Active Galactic Nuclei -Lobes powered by (AGN) -Hotspots -Central black hole -Accretion disc -Strong B fields -Dusty torus Chandra X-Ray image of Perseus cluster with VLA ... Right: FRII galaxy 3C175 at 5GHz. ...

... The temperatures of the air and the telescope truss are shown as a function of time in this figure. ... The air temperature was also decreasing at the time of these measurements which makes the estimate of the time constant for truss cooling given above an upper limit. However, unlike the estimate of the rod cooling time shown in Figure 8, the longer time constant of the truss and the smaller concurrent changes in the air temperature make this a better estimate of the truss cooling time constant. ...

... Hungary Rumania UK Vietnam Math Area of research Computer Science Life Sciences Phys USA 1 1 Turkey 11 8 3 1 2 2 1 5 16 21 2 3 9 7 IKI meeting , 10-12 June 2009 CoSBiLab What we do at CoSBi In-silico lab to support modeling through refinement Modeling tools at work specification simulation analysis/validation refinement IKI meeting , 10-12 June 2009 Specification IKI meeting , 10-12 June ... Q Cdc20 inter Dom1:IEP_A P IEP Dom2:Cdc20_A Q Cdc20 Cdc20 in Dom1!( ...

Infrared Detector Array Links . ... Control Software Links . Optics Links . Micro-Optics Links . ... Optical Materials Databases . ... Atmospheric Database Links . Linux Links . ... Rockwell Science Center home page. ... Santa Barbara Research Center home page. ... CCD-World home page. ... SDSU home page. ... EPICS home page. ... Optics Society of America . ... Linux on Laptops ( local site and US home page ). ... Instrumentation Links * Gemini Project Links * Other IR Instruments ...

Among the fundamental characteristics of a material/medium such as chemical composition, density, conductivity, viscosity, one should probably give the first place to the optical constants - the refractive index and the extinction coefficient . ... The parameter i in Eq.(1) describes the optical properties of the medium where radiation propagates. ... The optical constants and allow one to estimate not only transmittance and absorption of radiation, but also its reflection at the border of two media. ...

The CHIANTI database consists of 4 primary ASCII files for each ion in the database. contains the energy levels in cm^(-1) It includes both experimental data and theoretical values of the levels energies. References: %experimental energy levels: Shirai,T., Sugar,J., Musgrove,A., Wiese,W.L.,2000, J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data, Monograph 8 %experimental energy levels (levels 17,18): Kelly, R. L., 1987, J. Phys. Chem. ... Data 16, Suppl. ...